Disease relevance of Jejunum

• Pathogenesis of Shigella diarrhea. XVI. Selective targetting of Shiga toxin to villus cells of rabbit jejunum explains the effect of the toxin on intestinal electrolyte transport [1].
• A defect in glucose-stimulated Na+ absorption in the acute stage of a viral enteritis has been identified which probably contributes to the impaired lumen-to-extracellular fluid flux of Na+ found previously in the jejunum of intact TGE-infected pigs [2].
• Permeability as measured by determining permeability coefficients was not increased by Salmonella infection and in fact was significantly reduced for erythritol in the jejunum of infected animals [3].
• An in vitro technique was used to examine the rate of uptake of varying concentrations of glucose, galactose, and a homologous series of saturated fatty acids into the jejunum of control rats and Noble rats bearing prostatic tumor variants of primary human prostatic adenocarcinoma 52 [4].
• A comparison of the inhibition of thymidine incorporation in tumor cells (B16 melanoma and P388 leukemia) and normal jejunum revealed no significant differences in the extent of inhibition or the rapidity of recovery in these tissues [5].

Psychiatry related information on Jejunum

• Treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resulted in rapid elimination of Whipple's bacilli from the jejunum and complete reversal of the patient's dementia over a 6-mo period [6].
• The effect of D- and L-isomers of tryptophan and phenylalanine on fasting motor activity of canine jejunum were investigated [7].

High impact information on Jejunum

• Immunoreactive serotonin was detected in the lumen of the proximal jejunum of food-deprived cats [8].
• Folate conjugase: two separate activities in human jejunum [9].
• Somatostatin was also found in the duodenum and jejunum, but in a smaller concentration [10].
• Homozygous null mice for Fkh6 showed postnatal growth retardation secondary to severe structural abnormalities of the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum [11].
• This suggested that fluid absorption processes are reduced in CF jejunum, and further studies revealed that this was due to a marked depression of passive chloride absorption [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Jejunum

• In addition, the effect of indomethacin on radioresponse of hematopoietic tissue, jejunum, hair follicles, and tissues involved in the development of radiation-induced leg contractures was determined [13].
• Hypertrophy of villi and increased cell proliferation seen in jejunum remaining exposed to luminal contents resulted in an increase in the alkaline phosphatase but not the sucrase content [14].
• In another patient with diffuse lymphoma of small bowel with bleeding from only a small segment of jejunum, injection of methylene blue intraoperatively through a previously placed angiographic catheter stained the bleeding segment of jejunum blue [15].
• Both the jejunum and the ileum supported a basal net secretory flux of oxalate (-19.71 +/- 2.39 (N = 13) and -30.06 +/- 2.80 (N = 16) pmol/cm2 per hour) that was unaffected by renal insufficiency [16].
• It was found in rats that salicylate increased intestinal monosaccharide uptake in vitro and reversed the inhibitory effects induced by cell-free preparations of Staphylococcus sp., Candida sp. and Klebsiella sp. In vivo, salicylates increased net water absorption in rat jejunum exposed to cell-free preparations of various micro-organisms [17].

Biological context of Jejunum

• When unidirectional flux across the jejunum was measured, saturation kinetics was again demonstrated for low thiamine concentrations [18].
• Effect of 13-norleucin motilin on water and ion transport in the human jejunum [19].
• The effect of glucose on intestinal absorption of calcium was studied in the jejunum and ileum of control, diabetic (streptozotocin-induced), and insulin-treated diabetic rats [20].
• RESULTS: Taurocholate showed active transport in the ileum and no transport in the jejunum [21].
• The effects of oral, intravenous, and intracerebroventricular administration of synthetic derivatives of prostaglandins E1 (misoprostol) and E2 (enprostil) on postprandial gastrointestinal motility were investigated in dogs chronically fitted with strain gauge transducers on the antrum and the proximal and middle jejunum [22].

Anatomical context of Jejunum

• Similarly, the rates of absorption from open segments of jejunum and ileum perfused with 0.4 and 1.0 mM taurocholate were nearly identical (0.232+/-0.040 and 0.255+/-0.039, respectively at 0.4 mM, and 0.470+/-0.065 and 0.431+/-0.013, respectively at 1.0 mm) (P greater than 0.2) [23].
• Accumulation of mutant CFTR antigen in the apical region of jejunum crypt enterocytes was not observed, in contrast to normal mice [24].
• We have examined the effects of leptin on PepT1 function in rat jejunum and in monolayers of the human enterocyte-like 2 cell Caco-2 [25].
• The present work provides for the first time some basic data on the influence of EGF on brush border hydrolytic activities and on epithelial cell proliferation of human fetal jejunum [26].
• METHODS: Preparations of individual cells from either whole mucosa or epithelium of mouse jejunum were stained with Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide and then sorted using fluorescence-activated cell sorting [27].

Associations of Jejunum with chemical compounds

• Maximal unstirred layer thickness for the human jejunum, calculated from previous studies of glucose absorption, yielded a mean value of only 40 microns (range: 23 to 65 microns) [28].
• As luminal Mg concentration was increased, the rate of absorption in the jejunum rose progressively with a tendency towards saturation at the higher concentrations [29].
• We conclude, therefore, that the normal jejunum actively secretes chloride, but that this is masked by greater absorptive processes when balanced electrolyte solutions are perfused [30].
• Cholesterol reduces the effects of dihydroxy bile acids and fatty acids on water and solute transport in the human jejunum [31].
• The effects of glucose and fructose on water and sodium absorption in the human jejunum were compared to assess the relative contribution of active and passive sugar stimulation of sodium transport [32].

Gene context of Jejunum

• In the stomach CA II was the dominating isoenzyme, whereas the jejunum and the colon contained considerable amounts of both forms [33].
• CONCLUSIONS: In a family with juvenile polyposis with a clear predisposition to malignancy, including carcinoma of the jejunum, APC and MCC were not the defective genes causing the condition [34].
• Our aim was to ascertain whether ApoC-II and ApoC-III were present in human and rat jejunum, and if so, whether their presence was altered by fat feeding [35].
• MUC2 mRNA was highly expressed in normal jejunum, ileum, and colon, compared with very low levels in normal bronchus and gallbladder [36].
• In functional assays, inhibitors of PP2A block rundown of basal CFTR currents and increase channel activity in excised patches of airway epithelia and in intact mouse jejunum [37].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Jejunum

• Perfusion studies of the normal human jejunum were performed to test whether dihydroxy bile acids and hydroxy fatty acids inhibit the absorption of oleic acid, since previous reports documented their inhibitory effects on the absorption of several other organic solutes [38].
• The presence of endothelin-1 messenger RNA was demonstrated by Northern-blot hybridization in the whole colon and pooled ileal and colonic mucosa, but not in the whole jejunum [39].
• Using a triple-lumen gut perfusion technique, the net flux of water and electrolytes in the jejunum of 5 healthy volunteers was measured before, during and after an intravenous infusion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) [40].
• Four patients received home parenteral nutrition (mean residual jejunum, 83 cm), and 4 did not (mean ileum resection, 106 cm) [41].
• Intrajejunal distention with a balloon or infusion of hyperosmolar mannitol into the proximal jejunum stimulates acid secretion only in subjects with portacaval shunt [42].

References