Disease relevance of Butylated hydroxytoluene

• Toxicity of butylated hydroxytoluene [1].
• Butylated hydroxytoluene protects chickens exposed to Newcastle disease virus [2].
• Animals, 6-week old, were given an intragastric administration of MNNG at 150 mg/kg body weight by gastric tube and 1 week later were placed on a diet containing BHA (0.5%), BHT (1.0%), NaCl (5.0%), BHA (0.5%) plus NaCl (5%), or BHT (1.0%) plus NaCl (5.0%) for 51 weeks [3].
• BHT induced no severe hyperplasia and papillomatous lesions [4].
• Pharmacologic and genetic studies on the modulatory effects of butylated hydroxytoluene on mouse lung adenoma formation [5].

Psychiatry related information on Butylated hydroxytoluene

• It seems likely that the neoplastic effects observed at very high dietary levels of BHA and BHT occur only after effective biological defense mechanisms are overloaded [6].

High impact information on Butylated hydroxytoluene

• LDL modification and conversion into a high-uptake form occurred in the absence of free metal ions, required NO2-, occurred at physiological levels of Cl-, and was inhibited by heme poisons, catalase, and BHT [7].
• All the above changes in the microcirculation were markedly reduced by the addition of BHT treatment [8].
• T lymphocytes were present in the intima of cholesterol-fed rabbits, whereas no such cells could be identified in the BHT-fed animals [9].
• There was also a lower number of macrophages in the BHT-treated group [9].
• The effect of the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on the accumulation of intimal smooth muscle cells (SMC) and development of intimal thickening after balloon catheter injury of the aorta were studied in rabbits with dietary-induced hyperlipidemia [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Butylated hydroxytoluene

• Adenoma formation was enhanced by BHT in four strains of mice with a U+ phenotype (susceptible to urethan-induced lung adenomas); these strains were A, BALB/cBy, SWR/J, and RIIIS/J [5].
• Simultaneous administration of BHT resulted in a dose-related inhibition of indomethacin toxicity in female Sprague-Dawley rats, and increased the tolerable indomethacin dose from 50 to 150 mg/kg diet [10].
• The effect of treatment with a 1% dietary supplement of the anti-oxidant butylated hydroxytoluene was studied during 2 months of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus [11].
• Pulmonary tissue can be damaged in different ways, for instance by xenobiotics (paraquat, butylated hydroxytoluene, bleomycin), during inflammation, ischemia reperfusion, or exposure to mineral dust or to normobaric pure oxygen levels [12].
• Furthermore, nitric oxide seems to participate in both types of erythema; however, the pretreatment with BHT or beta-carotene was ineffective against both erythemas [13].

Biological context of Butylated hydroxytoluene

• Intraperitoneal injection of the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) produces cell proliferation in mouse lungs within 2-4 days [14].
• Biotransformation of BHT was apparently required for both prophylaxis and enhancement [5].
• Enhancement of lung tumor formation in mice by dietary butylated hydroxytoluene: dose-time relationships and cell kinetics [15].
• PTX superfusion caused no change in the resting diameters of microvessels and significantly blocked the vasoconstriction induced by BHT 920 (a selective alpha 2-agonist) [16].
• A combination of antioxidants, vitamin E, and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) markedly inhibited necrosis induced by APAP or DEM alone, but the sensitization to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis was unaffected [17].

Anatomical context of Butylated hydroxytoluene

• Changes in the labeling index of the forestomach epithelium paralleled the histologic changes, except in hamsters fed the BHT diet in which no significant increase in the labeling index was observed throughout the experiment [4].
• Although the pancreas is refractory to the enzyme inductive effects of these antioxidants, morphometric analysis of foci demonstrated chemoprevention by BHA and BHT of azaserine-induced foci [18].
• There were significantly lower levels of autooxidation products of cholesterol (7-oxocholesterol, cholesterol-5,6-epoxide, and 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol) in the aortas of BHT-treated rabbits, P < 0.001 [9].
• Preincubation of CHO cells with the antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole or butylated hydroxytoluene blocked the toxin A-induced increase in oxygen radicals and diminished cell rounding [19].
• The effect of regional administration of BHT 933 (a selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist) was studied in eight subjects with angiographically normal coronary arteries [20].

Associations of Butylated hydroxytoluene with other chemical compounds

• These data suggest that the tumorigenic action of crude BHA on hamster forestomach is largely due to 3-tert-BHA and that BHT does not induce forestomach tumors in hamsters [4].
• Selective sex-related modification of diethylnitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis in BALB/c mice by concomitant administration of butylated hydroxytoluene [21].
• The potency of BHTOOH, 4-trideuteromethyl-BHTOOH, and 4-tert-butyl-BHTOOH as inducers of ornithine decarboxylase, a marker of tumor promotion, was commensurate with their capacity for generating butylated hydroxytoluene quinone methide [22].
• This protein alteration, which correlates temporally with increases in the formation of lipid oxidation products and in the fluorescence of the apoprotein, is markedly reduced when oxygen is excluded or when EDTA or the free-radical-scavenging antioxidants, butylated hydroxytoluene or propyl gallate, are added [23].
• Incubation with norepinephrine or the alpha2-adrenergic agonist BHT 920 also caused dose-dependent increases in nitrite production, which were blocked by the B2-receptor antagonist HOE 140 [24].

Gene context of Butylated hydroxytoluene

• In the pancreas, only glutathione peroxidase activity was affected, and it was reduced in both the BHA and BHT treatment groups [18].
• Chronic inflammation predisposes mice to lung tumorigenesis; accordingly, we examined whether butylated hydroxytoluene-induced chronic lung inflammation was influenced by iNOS deficiency [25].
• The thiol N-acetyl-L-cysteine, the micronutrient selenite as well as selenoprotein P and the lipid peroxidation inhibitors alpha-tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene significantly lower both the number of TGFbeta1-initiated myofibroblasts and the secretion of HGF, VEGF and IL-6, correlating with a diminished invasive capacity of tumor cells [26].
• PCNA labeling in GSTP-positive foci was not affected by BHT [27].
• Beta-catenin expression was reduced in z-ASP-co-treated lungs after BHT/hyperoxia [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Butylated hydroxytoluene

• Mild hyperplasia occurred slightly more often in hamsters fed the BHT diet than in the control group [4].
• BHT 933 induced a reduction in coronary artery diameter from 2.5 +/- 0.6 mm to 1.8 +/- 0.4 mm (p less than 0.05) as well as in coronary blood flow velocity (from 6.4 +/- 0.9 cm/sec to 4.6 +/- 1.9 cm/sec, p less than 0.01) [20].
• However, chronic, postcarcinogen administration of BHT apparently enhances tumorigenesis in certain animal models for liver and lung cancer [29].
• Cytoplasmic membranes of S. rattus BHT reacted with these mAb in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot [30].
• The reactivity of the mAb with BHT membranes in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was absorbed by rabbit skeletal muscle myosin [30].

References