Disease relevance of Carotid Artery, Common

• Aneurysm of the rabbit common carotid artery induced by periarterial application of calcium chloride in vivo [1].
• To determine whether antihypertensive therapy decreases infarct volume in hypertensive rats, 60 13-week-old animals were treated with 20 mg/kg hydralazine added daily to the drinking water for 1.5, 6, 10, or 16 weeks and then subjected to focal cerebral ischemia by tandem right common carotid artery and middle cerebral artery occlusion [2].
• Animals were anesthetized with 1.5% halothane and forebrain ischemia was produced by occluding both common carotid arteries [3].
• Serotonin release into plasma during common carotid artery thrombosis in rats [4].
• Bosentan (17 micromol/kg) had minimal effect on postischaemic hypoperfusion, measured by hydrogen clearance, in the caudate nucleus and the parietal cortex in the 3 h after bilateral common carotid artery occlusion with concomitant haemorrhagic hypotension (transient global ischaemia) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Carotid Artery, Common

• The pain threshold was measured by the hot-plate and the writhing tests; cephalalgia was produced by injecting bradykinin (10 microg in a volume of 10 microl) into a common carotid artery [6].
• Acetylcholine (ACh) release in the hippocampus of Wistar strain rats with permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries was examined during a discrimination learning task using a microdialysis method [7].
• Tacrine improves working memory deficit caused by permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries in rats [8].

High impact information on Carotid Artery, Common

• We also detected native HDGF in nuclei of cultured SMCs, of SMCs and endothelial cells from 19-day fetal (but not in the adult) rat aorta, of SMCs proximal to abdominal aortic constriction in adult rats, and of SMCs in the neointima formed after endothelial denudation of the rat common carotid artery [9].
• In response to external carotid artery ligation, mice with targeted disruption of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (eNOS) did not remodel their ipsilateral common carotid arteries whereas wild-type mice did [10].
• Then, a constant rate of vasoconstrictor infusion was maintained while MAP was controlled at hypertensive or normotensive levels for 15-min periods using a gravity reservoir connected to the left common carotid artery [11].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: Intact male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four subgroups treated with either (1) 17 beta-estradiol, (2) MPA, (3) 17 beta-estradiol + MPA, or (4) vehicle and were subjected to balloon injury of the right common carotid artery [12].
• In the common carotid artery there was a treatment effect of 66% (95% CI, 30 to 95%; pravastatin 0.010 mm/y; placebo 0.029 mm/y; P < .002) at the overall mean baseline IMT of 1.35 mm [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Carotid Artery, Common

• Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in five halothane-anesthetized rats via tandem occlusion of the left common carotid artery and the left middle cerebral artery [14].
• METHODS: Temporary cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery ligation while common carotid arteries were clamped bilaterally for 40 minutes in urethane-anesthetized rats [15].
• METHODS: Rats were anesthetized with halothane and preloaded with 111In-tropolone-labeled platelets (50 to 80 microCi) 30 minutes before nonocclusive common carotid artery thrombosis induced by a rose bengal-mediated photochemical insult [16].
• Unilateral common carotid artery occlusion produced bilateral decrease in cortical dopamine levels in gerbils both symptomatic and asymptomatic of cerbral ischemia [17].
• We used the 1,4-dihydropyridine, nimodipine, to label the L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel in focal cerebral ischemia after occlusion of both the middle cerebral and ipsilateral common carotid arteries in rats [18].

Biological context of Carotid Artery, Common

• Positive predictors of systolic blood pressure included mitral late peak flow velocity, left ventricular mass, common carotid artery wall thickness, serum albumin, factor VII, diabetes, alcohol use, and age; negative predictors were coronary heart disease, uric acid, height, and smoking [19].
• Using high-resolution ultrasound, we measured the endothelial-dependent (FAD%) and independent vasodilation (GTN%); the blood flow at rest, postocclusive, and after application of 400 micrograms glyceroltrinitrate of the branchial artery; and the intima media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery [20].
• MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Homeostasis model assessment index, total to HDL cholesterol ratio, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein levels, left ventricular mass index, blood pressure, heart rate, diastolic filling, and systolic function at rest and at peak exercise and intima-media thickness (IMT) at common carotid arteries were measured [21].
• In this study, we examined the relationship of C-reactive protein (CRP) with measures of obesity, variables of the insulin resistance syndrome, and intima-media thickness of the common carotid arteries in 186 healthy, middle-aged women selected from the general population [22].
• The animals were instrumented with catheters in the right common carotid artery and superior vena cava for measurements of mean systemic arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure, heart rate (HR), arterial blood gases, and arterial as well as mixed venous O(2) saturation [23].

Anatomical context of Carotid Artery, Common

• Smooth muscle strips isolated from the hog common carotid artery can contract rhythmically, exhibiting low frequency, large amplitude oscillations in tension when stimulated with 10 microM histamine [24].
• Among nondiabetic subjects from 85 Mexican-American families with a history of coronary artery disease, subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and insulin secretion was estimated by the oral glucose tolerance test [25].
• We measured arterial stiffness (beta, inversely related to arterial compliance) in the abdominal aorta and the common carotid artery non-invasively using echo-tracking sonography in 30 women (mean age 34 years, range 20-61) and 26 men (mean age 38 years, range 22-56) with IDDM [26].
• METHODS: Internal carotid artery (ICA) IMT and common carotid artery (CCA) IMT, indices of atherosclerosis, were assessed with the use of B-mode ultrasound in 1020 nondiabetic participants in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study, a multicenter study designed to examine the association between insulin resistance and carotid atherosclerosis [27].
• Linolenic acid was inversely related to thickness of the internal and bifurcation segments of the carotid arteries but not to the common carotid artery [28].

Associations of Carotid Artery, Common with chemical compounds

• Experimental aneurysmatic dilatation of the rabbit common carotid artery was induced by a single, periarterial application of calcium chloride in vivo [1].
• METHODS AND RESULTS--Ten-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats received mithramycin (150 micrograms/kg IP) or distilled H2O 1 hour before and 1 hour after balloon injury of the right common carotid artery [29].
• In the injured rats, bromodeoxyuridine-labeled nuclei in the media of untreated common carotid arteries were increased 2 days after injury, which were suppressed by in vivo treatment with the adrenomedullin receptor antagonist calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)(8-37) [30].
• The right common carotid artery was occluded in 50 animals under brief (3-minute) halothane anesthesia; 18 animals (36%) developed motor abnormalities consistent with stroke [31].
• A 0.2-ml bolus of [14C]nicardipine hydrochloride and [3H]water was injected into the common carotid arteries of 7 normal and 7 ischemic rats [32].

Gene context of Carotid Artery, Common

• We demonstrate that PON 1 (LL+ML) 55 is associated with plaques both at the bifurcation (OR=2.40; 95% CI 1.00-5.90) and at the common carotid artery (OR=2.75; 95% CI 1.01-7.50), and to the total number of plaques at any site (P<0.05) [33].
• The left common carotid arteries of wild-type and FasL-deficient (gld) mice were ligated just proximal to the carotid bifurcation [34].
• The common carotid artery of Hoxa3 homozygous mutants was absent or very short and therefore the internal and external carotid artery arose from a more proximal level than those of wild types [35].
• The present study compared the vasculoprotective efficacy of acute and chronic endothelin (ET) ETA or dual ETA/B receptor antagonism in the rat common carotid artery (RCCA) model using BQ-123 and SB 209670 [36].
• A perivascular collar was placed around the common carotid artery to accelerate lesion formation. eNOS gene transfer reduced lesion surface areas, intima/media ratios, and macrophage contents in the media at 5-week follow-up (p < 0.05) [37].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Carotid Artery, Common

• 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (BrdU) immunohistochemistry demonstrated a 12-fold increase in cell birth in the dentate subgranular zone 1-2 weeks after 10 min bilateral common carotid artery occlusions [38].
• To develop a more clinically applicable model of primary atherosclerosis and restenosis following angioplasty of the primary lesion, we fed apolipoprotein E-deficient mice a Western diet and occluded the left common carotid artery for 2 days [39].
• We show here, using an intact porcine common carotid artery perfusion culture model, that nicotine and cotinine, the major product of nicotine metabolism, cause a significant increase in endothelial cell VEGF expression [40].
• METHODS: Change in calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity was evaluated in a rat model of focal ischemia after 5 minutes, 30 minutes, and 1 hour of tandem middle cerebral artery and common carotid artery occlusion both with and without reperfusion [41].
• Plasma total homocysteine was similar in the FH and control groups and was associated with mean and maximum intima-media thicknesses in the far wall of the common carotid artery and carotid bulb after control for pubertal stage (r = .22 to .28; P < .05) [42].

References