Disease relevance of N-Ethylglycinexylidide

• We speculate that monoethylglycinexylidide formation may be a useful prognostic index in children with liver disease [1].
• At entry, we recorded indocyanine green half-life, monoethylglycinexylidide formation from lidocaine, bilirubin and albumin serum concentrations, activities of cholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin time, clinical complications of ascites and encephalopathy and the Pugh score [2].
• Effects of chronic renal failure and hemodialysis on the monoethylglycinexylidide liver function test [3].
• Omeprazole decreased formation of monoethylglycinexylidide in a patient with chronic active hepatitis [4].
• The monoethylglycinexylidide test for grading of liver cirrhosis [5].

Psychiatry related information on N-Ethylglycinexylidide

• The findings of most studies published so far suggest that the MEGX test is a useful tool that can improve our decision-making process with respect to the selection of transplant candidates [6].
• The monoethylglycinexylidide test does not impair psychometric performance in patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis [7].

High impact information on N-Ethylglycinexylidide

• Although the monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) test defined as a single determination of MEGX plasma concentration after lidocaine injection has been proposed as a liver function test, some discrepancies appeared in assessing the quality of liver donor for transplantation as well as the severity of liver disease [8].
• A strong correlation existed between FK 506 dose and erythromycin breath test results (r = 0.583, p < 0.007), but no corresponding relationship with monoethylglycinexylidide production was observed [9].
• The metabolism of lidocaine to monoethylglycinexylidide has been found useful as an indicator of liver function in association with liver transplantation [10].
• P450 2B1 exclusively catalyzed the N-deethylation of LIDO to generate monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and 2B2 catalyzed both N-deethylation and hydroxylation reactions to generate MEGX and omega-diethylamino-2-hydroxymethyl-6-methylacetanilide [11].
• Function and integrity of microsomal enzymes were investigated using glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P-450 IIIA activity as assessed by lidocaine N-deethylation to monoethylglycinexylidide as well as by Western blot analysis of the cytochrome P-450 IIIA protein [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of N-Ethylglycinexylidide

• We conclude that the rate of formation of the lidocaine metabolite monoethylglycinexylidide is decreased in patients with chronic liver disease and is inversely related to disease severity [1].
• Hyperbilirubinemia, which frequently occurs in severe liver disease, interferes with the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) assay manufactured by Abbott Diagnostics. Because the MEGX test is particularly helpful in this clinical situation, strategies have been developed to overcome this problem [13].
• 1. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dehydration and hyperosmolal hydration on the disposition of lignocaine and two of its metabolites, monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and glycinexylidide (GX) [14].
• The 2nd part of the study compared the aminopyrine breath test with the monoethylglycinexylidide test in patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis [15].
• Following the administration of small single doses of lidocaine hydrochloride (1 mg/kg), monoethylglycinexylidide serum concentration-time curves were determined by a novel highly sensitive fluorescence polarisation immunoassay (FPIA) in healthy volunteers, liver donors and patients with liver cirrhosis [16].

Biological context of N-Ethylglycinexylidide

• After 12 hrs of enoximone treatment, monoethylglycinexylidide kinetics and hepatosplanchnic oxygen consumption demonstrated a significant increase (p <.05) [17].
• Effect of phenobarbital on the pharmacokinetics of lidocaine, monoethylglycinexylidide and 3-hydroxylidocaine in the rat: correlation with P450 isoform levels [18].
• Lidocaine (LID) is an aminoethylamide used in hepatology to perform the monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) test for the evaluation of liver function in patients with cirrhosis (CIR) or chronic hepatitis (CH) [7].
• Biochemical, virological (qualitative hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA and HCV genotype), and functional (monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) test) evaluations were carried out at the time of liver biopsy [19].
• Monoethylglycinexylidide production and prediction of hepatic histology [20].

Anatomical context of N-Ethylglycinexylidide

• Rat pulmonary microsomes metabolized lidocaine to an N-deethylated metabolite, monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) [21].
• Lidocaine, monoethylglycinexylidide, and isolated human uterine muscle [22].
• Pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and its major metabolite- monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) in rabbits with experimental common bile duct obstruction [23].
• The average monoethylglycinexylidide concentrations in serum were also substantially lower in liver donors with ballooning or fatty changes of hepatocytes than in donors without relevant alterations of liver histology [16].

Associations of N-Ethylglycinexylidide with other chemical compounds

• Human hepatic microsomes produced monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and 3-hydroxylidocaine (3-OH-LID) from lidocaine [24].
• Serial monitoring of liver graft recipients early after transplantation with the MEGX test may initially alert the clinician to a major change in liver function; if used with other tests, such as serum hyaluronic acid concentrations, it may become more discriminatory [6].
• Therefore, we performed a study to assess the concentrations of plasma lidocaine and its major metabolite (monoethylglycinexylidide [MEGX]) in children receiving continuous thoracic epidural anesthesia after oral clonidine premedication [25].
• Liver viability was assessed using four parameters: serum liver function tests (serum bilirubin and transaminase), dynamic liver function test i.e. the monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) formation test, morphological assessment and animal survival [26].
• The aminopyrine breath test and monoethylglycinexylidide test showed a good yet not close correlation [15].

Gene context of N-Ethylglycinexylidide

• Rifampicin has been shown to induce CYP3A4, a major human hepatic CYP isozyme that is known to metabolize lidocaine to its primary metabolite, monoethylglycinexylidide [27].
• Risk of hepatic failure after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: predictive value of the monoethylglycinexylidide test [28].
• A fluorescence polarization immunoassay was used to measure monoethylglycinexylidide oncentrations in their sera [28].
• Microsomal liver function was assessed by the plasma appearance of monoethylglycinexylidide, and release of hepatic tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was measured to estimate the severity of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion syndrome [17].
• MEGX concentrations were significantly lower and abnormal (<50 ng/ml) in the older patients at T3 and T4 [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of N-Ethylglycinexylidide

• Monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) liver function test is not compromised by 3-hydroxy MEGX in humans [30].
• Serum monoethylglycinexylidide concentration can be measured by a simple, rapid fluorescent polarization immunoassay [1].
• Lidocaine, an aminoethylamide, undergoes deethylation in the liver after intravenous injection, resulting in the formation of monoethylglycinexylidide [1].
• Determination of monoethylglycinexylidide by fluorescence polarization immunoassay in highly icteric serum samples: modified precipitation procedure and HPLC compared [13].
• A quick, sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography assay for monoethylglycinexylidide and lignocaine in serum/plasma using solid-phase extraction [31].

References