Disease relevance of Anesthesia, Epidural

• Lower rates of deep vein thrombosis have been noted following total hip replacement under epidural anesthesia in patients receiving exogenous epinephrine throughout surgery [1].
• Does ritodrine worsen maternal hypotension during epidural anesthesia in gravid ewes [2]?
• Back pain after epidural anesthesia with chloroprocaine [3].
• Epinephrine should not be used with local anesthetics for epidural anesthesia in pre-eclampsia [4].
• Bradycardia during epidural anesthesia in a patient receiving guanfacine [5].

High impact information on Anesthesia, Epidural

• Results of randomized trials comparing rates of cesarean delivery using epidural anesthesia vs parenteral opioids are inconsistent [6].
• Thus, we investigated the vasoconstrictive effects of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in sheep, in which a reversible sympathetic block was established by thoracic epidural anesthesia [7].
• The hemodynamic and fibrinolytic response to low dose epinephrine and phenylephrine infusions during total hip replacement under epidural anesthesia [1].
• Factors affecting the spread and duration of epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine [8].
• BACKGROUND: The authors previously reported changes in electroencephalographic bicoherence during isoflurane anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Anesthesia, Epidural

• Malignant hyperthermia in susceptible swine was completely blocked by epidural anesthesia with lidocaine [10].
• Pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of bupivacaine during epidural anesthesia in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy [11].
• During hypoxemia vasopressin concentrations increased 35-fold to 64 pg/ml +/- 38 (P less than 0.0001) compared to base line only during epidural anesthesia, but not after epidural saline (2 pg/ml +/- 2), while other hormones showed no significant differences [12].
• Spinal-epidural hematoma following epidural anesthesia in the presence of antiplatelet and heparin therapy [13].
• Physiologic responses to hyperthermia during epidural anesthesia and combined epidural/enflurane anesthesia in women [14].

Biological context of Anesthesia, Epidural

• The purpose of this study was to determine whether administration of magnesium sulfate decreased maternal blood pressure during epidural anesthesia in gravid ewes [15].
• In conclusion, lidocaine, transferred through the placenta to the fetus during epidural anesthesia, may have an inhibitory effect on chemotaxis [16].
• The radioactive-microsphere technique was used to determine distribution of cardiac output and regional blood flow in rhesus monkeys before and 10, 20, 40, and 80 minutes after induction of epidural anesthesia with lidocaine (1 per cent) without epinephrine [17].
• The tilt performed before epidural anesthesia did not modify mean arterial pressure, heart rate, plasma catecholamines, renin activity, and vasopressin at 5 and 15 min [18].
• Provided blood pressure and uterine blood flow were stable, the percentage of uterine blood flow distributed to the placenta in the absence of uterine contractions was not altered by epidural anesthesia or by addition of epinephrine to the anesthetic solution [19].

Anatomical context of Anesthesia, Epidural

• The effect of cardiac sympathetic blockade by high thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) (T1-T6, bupivacaine) on the luminal diameter of normal and diseased portions of epicardial coronary arteries was determined by quantitative coronary angiography in patients (n = 27) with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) [20].
• The goal of the present study was to evaluate if lidocaine used for epidural anesthesia during cesarean section can influence neonatal neutrophil chemotaxis [16].
• The authors studied the effects of dihydroergotamine (DHE) and etilefrine hydrochloride (E) on the regional distribution of 99mTc-marked erythrocytes during epidural anesthesia in eight supine men to determine if vasoactive agents with venoconstrictor action would enhance cardiac filling during epidural anesthesia [21].
• The augmentation of lower extremity blood flow when epinephrine is used in conjunction with epidural anesthesia may in part explain the low frequency of deep vein thrombosis with conduction anesthesia [22].
• Prolonged spinal nerve involvement after epidural anesthesia with etidocaine [23].

Associations of Anesthesia, Epidural with chemical compounds

• METHODS: Ten subjects underwent both spinal and epidural anesthesia with lidocaine (plain) on the same day with complete recovery between blocks [24].
• In appropriate patients, epidural anesthesia was maintained by an infusion of bupivacaine [25].
• Epinephrine does not alter human intervillous blood flow during epidural anesthesia [26].
• Effects of concentration and volume of 2-chloroprocaine on epidural anesthesia in volunteers [27].
• The inter-threshold range was 0.51 +/- 0.46 degrees C during epidural anesthesia alone, and increased significantly, by 0.49 +/- 0.31 degrees C.microgram-1.ml-1 during propofol administration [28].

Gene context of Anesthesia, Epidural

• Interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha blood levels were measured prior to epidural anesthesia and at 0, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after initiation of the transfusion [29].
• Effects of surgery and general or epidural anesthesia on plasma levels of cortisol, growth hormone and prolactin in infants under one year of age [30].
• In contrast during submaximal exercise, plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and beta-endorphin increased only in experiments without epidural anesthesia [31].
• CONCLUSION: Epidural anesthesia can preserve fibrinolytic function after lower-abdomen surgery by the inhibitory effects on surgical stress, PAI-1 and other mechanisms [32].
• By use of intravenously injected 133Xe, intervillous blood flow was measured before and 15-20 min after epidural anesthesia to a somatic level of at least T10 [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Anesthesia, Epidural

• METHODS: Nineteen parturients underwent nonemergent cesarean section with epidural anesthesia and received 0.1 microg kg(-1) x min(-1) remifentanil intravenously, which was continued until skin closure [33].
• Patients were randomized to receive either general anesthesia combined with patient-controlled intravenous morphine (GA) or epidural anesthesia combined with epidural fentanyl analgesia (RA) [34].
• Since patients with cervical epidural anesthesia had an analgesic level extending between C4 and Th8, the above attenuative effects of epidural blockade may be considered to be attributable to cardiac sympathectomy induced by a high level of epidural anesthesia [35].
• Lidocaine, 10(4) micrograms X ml-1, a concentration similar to that which occurs at the site of injection during infiltration, nerve block, or epidural anesthesia, produced vasodilation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[36]
• Implantable cardiovertor/defibrillator placement in a patient with amiodarone pulmonary toxicity under thoracic epidural anesthesia [37].

References