Disease relevance of Premedication

• Three anaesthetic premedication regimens have been compared by double-blind controlled trial in 158 patients undergoing day-case surgery for varicose veins or hernia [1].
• Furthermore, premedication with heparin, 5000 U i.v., failed to prevent the lengthening of the Reptilase time and exacerbated the thrombocytopenia [2].
• A premedication regimen of dexamethasone, cimetidine, and diphenhydramine was used to prevent the acute hypersensitivity reactions observed in previous studies of taxol [3].
• Steroid premedication may reduce the frequency and severity of the skin rash [4].
• CONCLUSION: Although clinically important toxicities continue to occur with usage of amphotericin B despite current methods of infusion and premedication, these are usually manageable and rarely limit the course of therapy [5].

Psychiatry related information on Premedication

• Electroshock (ECS) or sham ECS was given with standard clinical premedication (atropine, methohexital, suxamethonium and oxygen ventilation) seven times over 15 days [6].
• Respiratory effects and amnesia after premedication with morphine or lorazepam [7].
• A report by the Royal College of Psychiatrists recommended avoiding atropine premedication during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) [8].
• After premedication with nialamide, DOPA caused the well-known, slow rhythmic motor activity with a locomotor pattern [9].
• The patients were studied in relation to a number of variables; age, sex, weight, height, race, smoker/non smoker, vegetarian/non vegetarian, alcohol consumption, premedication, use of fentanyl at induction and dose of propofol [10].

High impact information on Premedication

• Severe anaphylactoid reaction to radiographic contrast media. Recurrences despites premedication with diphenhydramine and prednisone [11].
• Both dose levels were given following premedication with oral dexamethasone, intravenous promethazine hydrochloride, and intravenous cimetidine [12].
• Intravenous hydrocortisone premedication significantly reduces ATI levels but does not eliminate ATI formation or infusion reactions [13].
• In 6 subjects the sham-feeding response was almost abolished (88% inhibition) by the anticholinergic drug benzilonium bromide, however, it was unaffected by premedication with indomethacin [14].
• Premedication with isosorbide was significantly less effective [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Premedication

• Grade 3-4 hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 4 of 13 courses at the first 2 dose levels, but premedication with dexamethasone, diphenhydramine, and cimetidine resulted in only 3 additional Grade 2 reactions in the next 70 courses [16].
• The absence of Cremophor EL may permit ABI-007 to be administered without the premedications used routinely for the prevention of hypersensitivity reactions [17].
• Respiratory depression has only been observed in patients receiving meptazinol as a premedication or while undergoing anaesthesia [18].
• Intracranial hypertension developed during intubation in the infants receiving atropine alone, but was prevented by premedication with succinylcholine and atropine (p less than .01) [19].
• 40% of patients experienced significant hypersensitivity reactions, one of which was life-threatening, despite premedication with diphenhydramine and cimetidine [20].

Biological context of Premedication

• In six subjects, premedication with the selective H1 histamine-receptor antagonist, terfenadine, had no significant effect on bronchoconstriction provoked by inhaled lysine-aspirin, indicating little role for release of histamine in the response [21].
• The first test each day was without premedication and the second was preceded by inhalation of 0.05% clemastine or saline placebo given single blind in random order [22].
• Gastric emptying time before elective surgery is normal, but premedication with morphine, pethidine (meperidine) and anticholinergics all delay gastric emptying and hence drug absorption [23].
• INTERVENTIONS: Serial recordings of the 5-min resting heart rate variability were obtained before and 15 and 30 mins after premedication [24].
• The authors investigated whether premedication with famotidine had an effect on thermoregulation during general anesthesia [25].

Anatomical context of Premedication

• Mean absolute lymphocyte counts were decreased (P = 0.002), and glucose levels were increased (P = 0.001) posttherapy, presumably because of steroid premedication [26].
• Pentagastrin premedication may be helpful in demonstrating ectopic gastric mucosa in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding in whom initial radiopertechnetate scintigraphy is equivocal or normal [27].
• To investigate a possible mechanism, we measured hemodynamic responses to isoflurane administered via mask; we also administered clonidine for premedication, lidocaine topically to the nasal mucosa, or lidocaine intravenously to evaluate the effect of these drugs on the hemodynamic responses [28].
• To determine the effect of benzodiazepine premedication on central nervous system and cardiovascular effects of bupivacaine, the authors administered toxic doses of bupivacaine to awake spontaneously breathing pigs after intravenous premedication with midazolam (0.06 mg/kg), diazepam (0.15 mg/kg), or saline [29].
• After they had received 10 mg kg(-1) of ketamine i.m. for premedication, anaesthesia was established with propofol 3 mg kg(-1) and the trachea was intubated [30].

Associations of Premedication with chemical compounds

• Even when a narrow instrument is used, patients still benefit from premedication with diazepam, although return to normal activity is slower because of drowsiness [31].
• We conclude that adverse reactions to Fluosol are probably mediated by C activation and that steroid premedication may prevent them in susceptible patients [32].
• PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy, characteristics of onset/recovery, and safety of ketamine/atropine/midazolam with meperidine/midazolam used as premedication for painful procedures in children with cancer [33].
• Each child received intravenous premedication with either meperidine 2 mg/kg and midazolam 0.1 mg/kg (MM) or atropine 0.01 mg/kg, midazolam 0.05 mg/kg, and ketamine 1.5 mg/kg (KM) on one occasion followed by the alternative regimen on a second occasion [33].
• Premedication with diphenhydramine was instituted for the remainder [34].

Gene context of Premedication

• Dexamethasone is mainly 6-beta hydroxylated by CYP3A4, and is regularly used as standard docetaxel premedication [35].
• TS (15 V, 0.5 msec, 10 Hz)-evoked 3H-ACh release was significantly reduced by 2-min premedication of HPP (10(-6) M), NPY (10(-6) M) and PYY (10(-6) M) [36].
• In both age groups, hCRH injection after Dex premedication provoked significant increases in ACTH, free salivary cortisol and total plasma cortisol (all p < 0.0001) [37].
• The effect is not mediated via the cyclooxygenase pathway, since premedication with ibuprofen does not influence the protective effect of IL-1 [38].
• AVP rose significantly after premedication (from 1.8 +/- 0.3 pmol/l to 5.5 +/- 2.3 pmol/l; P less than 0.05) but the greatest increase (to 35.8 +/- 6.6 pmol/l) occurred after gut manipulation [39].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Premedication

• Patients and Methods: Thirty-six chemotherapy naïve patients were randomized to treatment with SU5416 (145 mg/m(2)) and dexamethasone premedication or dexamethasone alone [40].
• Though nisoldipine did not totally block the ergonovine-induced increase in the coronary vasomotor tone, there was a significant attenuation of the coronary constriction compared with patients without any premedication (7.7 +/- 1.3% versus 13.6 +/- 0.6%, P less than 0.01) [41].
• Comparative randomized double-blind study of hydroxyzine versus placebo as premedication before injection of iodinated contrast media [42].
• CONCLUSIONS: Premedication with IV KT (Toradol) improves pain control during colonoscopy with no associated serious complications [43].
• The effect of oral clonidine premedication on plasma glucose and lipid homeostasis associated with exogenous glucose infusion were investigated in children undergoing minor surgery [44].

References