Disease relevance of Chlorazepate

• In some subjects, increased toxicity due to phenobarbital outweighed better seizure control, so that clorazepate was preferred [1].
• A deep hypothermia was noted in clorazepate-treated mice at the issue of the hypoxic challenge [2].
• Effects of clorazepate on breathlessness and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic airflow obstruction [3].
• Prolongation of drug half-life due to obesity: studies of desmethyldiazepam (clorazepate) [4].
• A water soluble benzodiazepine, clorazepate, has been used to establish the point of benzodiazepine proliferative arrest in the rat C6 glioma [5].

Psychiatry related information on Chlorazepate

• The regional cerebral effects of an anxiolytic (clorazepate) in 20 patients with generalized anxiety disorder were assessed using 16-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectral estimate maps of the left hemisphere [6].
• Depressive symptoms and intellectual functioning in anxiety patients treated with clorazepate [7].
• Delayed maze-learning in rats after prenatal exposure to clorazepate [8].
• Buspirone in the treatment of panic disorder: a controlled pilot comparison with clorazepate [9].
• RESULTS: In unfamiliar pairs of rats exposed to a novel environment, agomelatine enhanced the time devoted to active social interaction, an action mimicked by clorazepate and by SB243,213 [10].

High impact information on Chlorazepate

• Clorazepate in epilepsy [11].
• Some patients, however, experienced rebound anxiety, which appeared to be more intense and occurred earlier when placebo was substituted for a benzodiazepine with a short half-life (lorazepam) than for one with a long half-life (clorazepate) [12].
• Buspirone, a new nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic agent, was compared with clorazepate in a double-blind, multicenter trial conducted with 336 outpatients who had moderate to severe anxiety [13].
• Effect of age and Billroth gastrectomy on absorption of desmethyldiazepam from clorazepate [14].
• In this study, clorazepate was compared to phenobarbital as a secondary anticonvulsant in eight ambulatory, adult outpatients [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Chlorazepate

• A fatal case of multiple drug abuse in a 36-year-old veterinarian involving injection of xylazine and ingestion of alcohol and clorazepate is presented [16].
• Trazodone is devoid of an abuse risk and dependence and, therefore, could be a valuable alternative to clorazepate in the treatment of adjustment disorders in cancer patients [17].
• Both nifedipine (1.00 mg/kg per os) and clorazepate (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally) decreased the levels of LP in the rat brain after electroshock [18].

Biological context of Chlorazepate

• Clorazepate kinetics in treated epileptics [19].
• Desmethyldiazepam pharmacokinetics were determined after oral administration of its precursor, clorazepate, to 12 obese subjects (mean weight: 105.4 kg; mean percent ideal body weight: 170%) who were matched for age, sex, and smoking habits with 12 normal controls (66.5 kg; percent ideal body weight: 103.3%) [4].
• The assay was used in a comparative bioavailability study of single equimolar oral doses of monopotassium and dipotassium salts of clorazepate in dogs [20].
• Release of cells from a 48 h exposure to 350 microM clorazepate, at which over 70% of the cells were arrested, resulted in a synchronous entry into S phase 8-9 h later, as evidenced by a sharp increase in the incorporation of [3H]thymidine [5].
• Clorazepate inhibited C6 proliferation in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 280 microM, as judged by a nuclei counting procedure [5].

Anatomical context of Chlorazepate

• The effect of three benzodiazepine compounds, diazepam, flunitrazepam, and clorazepate, on oxidative activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) was investigated [21].
• Finally, in freely moving rats, CLZ and S-16924, but not clozapine and haloperidol, decreased dialysis levels of 5-HT in the nucleus accumbens: this action of S-16924 was blocked by WAY-100,165 [22].
• Synchronous arrest of C6 by clorazepate required an exposure period of 24-36 h, approximately twice the doubling time of the cell line [5].

Associations of Chlorazepate with other chemical compounds

• Evaluation of clorazepate (Tranxene) as an anticonvulsant--a pilot study [15].
• Diazepam and its metabolites (1.8 and 3.0 mg/kg) and clorazepate (2.6 and 4.3 mg/kg) were given by intraperitoneal injection [23].
• Patients' sedation levels (according to the Riker's 7-level sedation-agitation score) and intravenous (fentanyl and midazolam) and oral (clorazepate and haloperidol) sedative administration were measured daily during the 7 days before and after tracheotomy [24].
• No change was noted in REM sleep-time on the clorazepate (15 mg) night, L-dopa (1000 mg) night, or TRH (2 mg) night, when compared to the mean baseline record [25].
• Comparative single-dose kinetics of oxazolam, prazepam, and clorazepate: three precursors of desmethyldiazepam [26].

Gene context of Chlorazepate

• The non-enantioselective interactions of benzoin and benzodiazepines except for clorazepate with BSA fragments were increased with protein surface coverages, while those of 2-arylpropionic acid, clorazepate and warfarin were decreased [27].
• Clorazepate proved the more effective drug, as shown by a reduction in total symptom scale of Kellner Symptom Rating Test and the reduction in sub-scales for anxiety, depression, somatic complaints and general neurotic symptoms with parallel symptom reduction in linear analogue scales [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Chlorazepate

• GLC determination of plasma drug levels after oral administration of clorazepate potassium salts [20].
• Determination of clorazepate and its major metabolites in blood and urine by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography [29].
• The effect on increased myotatic reflexes of desmethyldiazepam, formed from its precursor clorazepate, was assessed in a double-blind cross-over study of 27 days duration [30].
• Complete blood counts, serum chemical analyses, and urinalyses were performed before administration of clorazepate and at 10 and 21 days after administration of clorazepate [31].
• SAMPLE POPULATION: Clinically normal dogs (clorazepate, n = 7) or dogs with epilepsy (phenobarbital, n = 7) were studied in experiment 1, and samples submitted for therapeutic drug monitoring (n = 87) were studied in experiment 2 [32].

References