Disease relevance of Sipaxol

• The number of rectal cancer cases among the pendimethalin-exposed was small (n = 19) [1].
• There was some evidence for an elevated risk for lung cancer, but the excess occurred only in the highest exposure category for lifetime pendimethalin exposure [1].
• The genotoxicities of the herbicides Roundup (glyphosate), Stomp (pendimethaline) and Reglone (diquat), were compared in plant (Crepis capillaris L.) and mouse bone marrow test systems using chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei [2].
• Toxicity of pendimethalin to nontarget soil organisms [3].
• In vitro detoxification of pendimethalin by two Actinomycetes spp [4].

High impact information on Sipaxol

• Applying the standard first-order kinetics equation (r > 0.91), the half-lives obtained for the four compounds during the storage of the spent grain (3.5 months) varied from 138 days (fenitrothion) to 192 days (malathion and pendimethalin) [5].
• CYP2B6 rice plants were able to grow in the presence of 13 out of 17 herbicides: five chloroacetamides and mefenacet, pyributicarb, amiprofos-methyl, trifluralin, pendimethalin, norflurazon, and chlorotoluron [6].
• Vegetation decreased the bioavailability of pendimethalin as measured by 8-d, earthworm bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) and lettuce seedling growth assays [7].
• Herbicide residues were determined in air, soil solution, and soil samples by GC-ECD; the recovery of pendimethalin from spiked fertilized or control samples was found to be 81-103% [8].
• Fertilization of soil with urea decreased, in general, pendimethalin volatilization but increased herbicide levels in soil solution and persistence in soil, with a pendimethalin half-life approximately 70% higher than that found in unfertilized soil [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Sipaxol

• The herbicide pendimethalin (STOMP) shares a similar chemical structure with nitro compounds such as dinitrobenzene, which was previously demonstrated to cause methemoglobinemia in mammals [9].
• Pretreatment of tomato seeds with pendimethalin or metribuzin and inoculation of seedlings with the antagonistic Streptomyces corchorusii or/and Streptomyces mutabilis were tested for the formation of tomatine in roots and stems of tomato, infested with Pseudomonas solancearum or/and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici [10].

Biological context of Sipaxol

• Results indicate that specific growth rate, cell number, chlorophyll a level, and dry weight yield significantly decrease with increasing pendimethalin concentrations, while protein and carbohydrate contents increase significantly [11].
• The most active compound was pendimethalin with an IC50 of 0.19 microM while nitralin was the least active with an IC50 of 4.5 microM [12].
• Fungal decomposition of pendimethalin involved nitro reduction and dealkylation [13].

Anatomical context of Sipaxol

• Alachlor, terbuthylazine, gluphosinate-ammonium, isoproturon and pendimethaline did not have any genotoxic effect in the mouse bone-marrow micronucleus test in either female or male animals [14].
• In transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing a green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated protein4 fusion protein, labelled arrays of cortical microtubules in living epidermal cells of hypocotyls collapsed within 160 min after exposure to 10 microM CA1 or pendimethalin [15].

Associations of Sipaxol with other chemical compounds

• We report the evaluation of five dinitroaniline herbicides including trifluralin, profluralin, nitralin, pendimethalin, and fluchloralin for anticryptosporidial activity in an in vitro cultivation model of Cryptosporidium parvum [12].
• Trifluralin, pendimethalin, oryzalin, and benfluralin were all active against P. berghei in vitro at, or close to, submicromolar concentrations, with a rank order of potency similar to that against other protozoa [16].
• The herbicides chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, pendimethalin and pretilachlor, applied either singly or in binary mixtures, were used on rice (Oryza sativa L.). The growth (shoot) response curves were described by a logistic dose-response model [17].
• Results showed that mixtures of herbicides with similar molecular targets, i.e. chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron (acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors), and with different molecular targets, i.e. pendimethalin (microtubule assembly inhibitor) and pretilachlor (very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) inhibitor), followed the ADM [17].

Gene context of Sipaxol

• The effects of CA1 and CA2 were comparable with those caused by pendimethalin [15].
• Analysis of pendimethalin and its metabolite [4(1-ethylpropyl)amino-2-methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzyl alcohol] was accomplished by utilizing liquid-liquid partitioning, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for nuts and mint, solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup, and gas chromatography (GC) with a nitrogen--phosphorus detector (NPD) [18].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Sipaxol

• Analysis of pendimethalin residues in fruit, nuts, vegetables, grass, and mint by gas chromatography [18].
• The influence of soil-water ratio was studied on the performance of the slurry phase bioreactor operated in sequencing batch mode (anoxic-aerobic-anoxic microenvironments) during the bioremediation of soil contaminated with pendimethalin [19].

References