Disease relevance of Sumithion

• The Avr9 peptide elicitor from the fungus Cladosporium fulvum, the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato carrying the avirulence gene avrPto (Pst (avrPto)), and the organophosphorous insecticide fenitrothion induce resistance-related responses in tomato lines carrying the Cf-9, Pto, and Fen genes, respectively [1].
• Involvement of two plasmids in fenitrothion degradation by Burkholderia sp. strain NF100 [2].
• Morphological assessment of fenitrothion pulmonary toxicity in the rat [3].
• The mutagenicity of fenitrothion was determined in strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli [4].
• Sumithion, a well known organophosphorus pesticide, produces hind leg paralysis and ataxia in pigeons at a dose of 5 mg/kg for 5 days [5].

Psychiatry related information on Sumithion

• Decreases in body weight, overt cholinergic signs, loss of many reflexes, changes in measures of motor activity and, later, indices of ataxia were observed at various times after onset of treatment with the two higher doses of fenitrothion [6].

High impact information on Sumithion

• On days 1 and 4, blood and urine samples were collected for analysis of fenitrothion and its major metabolites, as well as plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase activities, and biochemistry and hematology examination [7].
• In this study, we characterized AR activity of analogues of fenitrothion to probe the structural requirements for AR activity among related chemicals [8].
• Fenitrothion: toxicokinetics and toxicologic evaluation in human volunteers [7].
• The O-dealkylation of pentoxyresorufin, a substrate for P450 2B1, was decreased in lung microsomes from rats dosed with O,O,S-trimethylphosphorodithioate, O,O,O-trimethylphosphorothioate, bromophos, fenitrothion, p-xylene and 2,4-dichloro-(6-phenylphonoxy)ethylamine [9].
• Our efforts here were focused on the in vitro and in vivo anti-androgenic activity of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (4-nitro-m-cresol; PNMC), known a degradation product of the insecticide fenitrothion, in diesel exhaust particles [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Sumithion

• Decreases in cholesterol, cerebroside and sulphatide and increases in cholesterol ester suggest demyelination in pigeons as a consequence of the neurotoxic effect of sumithion [5].
• Patterns of uptake of DDT under different treatments were also similar in both Anabaena and Aulosira, but there were significant differences in the patterns of accumulation of fenitrothion between these two organisms [11].
• Bioconcentration of fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos in Anabaena varied from 53 to 3467 ppm and 7 to 6779 ppm, respectively [11].
• Prospective study comparing fipronil with dichlorvos/fenitrothion and methoprene/pyrethrins in control of flea bite hypersensitivity in cats [12].
• Effects of cholinesterase reactivators and atropine on fenitrothion-induced hypothermia in Bubalus bubalis [13].

Biological context of Sumithion

• The ability to degrade fenitrothion was found to be encoded on two plasmids, pNF1 and pNF2 [2].
• Both rats and pigeons treated with sumithion, an organophosphorous pesticide, at a daily oral dose of one-tenth of the LD50, die after the 6th exposure [14].
• Pregnant Crl:CD(SD)BR rats were administered fenitrothion by gavage at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25 mg/kg/day ( n = 6-11/group) from gestation day (GD) 12 to 21 [15].
• Sumithion induced neurotoxicity in pigeons: effect on lipid metabolism of spinal cord [5].
• Two insecticides, Endosulfan and Fenitrothion, were tested for their ability to induce mitotic crossing-over, mitotic gene conversion and reverse mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae [16].

Anatomical context of Sumithion

• There was no significant change in plasma or red blood cell cholinesterase activity with repeated dosing at either dosage level of fenitrothion, and there were no significant abnormalities detected on biochemical or hematologic monitoring [7].
• Mutagenicity of sumithion tested in Drosophila somatic and germ cells [17].
• Both fenitrothion and the reference antiandrogen flutamide caused significant decreases in the ventral prostate, seminal vesicle, and levator ani plus bulbocavernosus muscles tissue weights [18].
• Comparative toxic effect of sumithion on rat and pigeon at the level of myelin [14].
• Significant (P less than 0.001) depressions in hepatopancreas glycogen and total carbohydrates and elevations of phosphorylase and transaminases were observed in sumithion-stressed crabs when compared with controls [19].

Associations of Sumithion with other chemical compounds

• Adults from only one municipality (Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro) remained susceptible to both fenitrothion and malathion [20].
• The investigated pesticides, which are used to control pests in the growing of cacao, are: Acephate, Propoxur, HCH, Heptachlor, Fenitrothion, Pirimiphos-methyl, Aldrin, Dieldrin, pp'-DDE, op-DDE and DDT [21].
• We investigated the interaction of the organophosphothioate pesticide fenitrothion (O,O-dimethyl O-(4-nitro-m-tolyl) phosphorothioate) with the human androgen receptor (AR) [18].
• We report on a study of the decomposition of fenitrothion (an organophosphorus pesticide that is a persistent contaminant in soils and groundwater) as catalyzed by cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA+) micelles [22].
• Significant losses of fenamiphos and fenitrothion were achieved and were related to the pH of the water sample and their chemical structure [23].

Gene context of Sumithion

• Fenitrothion had the highest affinity to AR [24].
• 31P NMR and UV-vis spectrometric evidence has revealed an unexpected regioselectivity in the reaction of fenitrothion, 1, an organophosphorus pesticide, with the cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA) surfactants CTAOH and CTAMINA, that incorporate the reactive counterions OH(-) and MINA(-) (the anti-pyruvaldehyde 1-oximate anion) [25].
• In contrast, blood acetylcholinesterase activity, a standard biomarker of organophosphate poisoning, was only inhibited at the higher dose of fenitrothion (30 mg/kg) [18].
• Androgen receptor antagonism by the organophosphate insecticide fenitrothion [18].
• The effect of the liposoluble organophosphorus insecticide fenitrothion (FS) on lipid packing and rotation of two crustacean plasma HDL was investigated [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Sumithion

• An unblinded crossover study of fenitrothion 0.18 mg/kg/day [36 times the acceptable daily intake (ADI)] and 0.36 mg/kg/day (72 X ADI) administered as two daily divided doses for 4 days in 12 human volunteers was designed and undertaken after results from a pilot study [7].
• This methodology was developed to evaluate the persistence of fenitrothion in forest atmospheres after treatment [27].
• Determination of impurities in pesticides and their degradation products formed during the wine-making process by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography with detection by electron impact mass spectrometry. I. Vinclozoline, procymidone and fenitrothion [28].
• Solid-phase microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography using on-line diode-array and electrochemical detection for the determination of fenitrothion and its main metabolites in environmental water samples [29].
• To evaluate the potential risk of pulmonary damage due to aerial spraying of the insecticide fenitrothion, rat lungs were examined under light and electron microscopy at 3, 7, 21, and 60 days after exposure [30].

References