Disease relevance of NSC383468

• Furthermore, in vivo immune responses such as antibody response to a thymus-dependent antigen and delayed-type hypersensitivity were drastically diminished in mice by andrographolide treatment [1].
• Andrographolide interferes with T cell activation and reduces experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the mouse [1].
• And, this inhibition of iNOS synthesis may contribute to the beneficial haemodynamic effects of andrographolide in endotoxic shock [2].
• Finally, the ability of andrographolide to inhibit T cell activation was applied to interfere with the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that is primarily mediated by CD4(+) T cells and serves as an animal model for human multiple sclerosis [1].
• Andrographis paniculata in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review of safety and efficacy [3].

High impact information on NSC383468

• These experiments show that BAA activates TRPV4 channels, and we discuss the possibility that activation of TRPV4 by BAA could play a role in some of the effects of Andrographis extract described in traditional medicine [4].
• During the screening of a plant extract library of traditional Chinese herbal medicines, we found that NF-kappaB activity was potently inhibited by andrographolide (Andro), an abundant component of the plant Andrographis that has been commonly used as a folk remedy for alleviation of inflammatory disorders in Asia for millennia [5].
• Inhibition of proprotein convertases-1, -7 and furin by diterpines of Andrographis paniculata and their succinoyl esters [6].
• When tested against PC7, these succinoylated derivatives of andrographolide also displayed strong inhibitory action, with Ki values again in the low micromolar range [6].
• Critical role of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members in andrographolide-induced apoptosis in human cancer cells [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of NSC383468

• The protective effect of Andrograhis paniculata and andrographolide (ANDLE) against cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced urothelial toxicity was investigated in this study [8].
• The efficacy of paracetamol or high dose Andrographis paniculata was significantly more than that of low dose Andrographis paniculata at day 3 in terms of the relief of fever and sore throat [9].
• At one month follow-up, pre- and post-ESWL pyuria, hematuria and proteinuria among the Andrographis paniculata group were 84, 58, 72, 40, 52, 22 per cent; the cotrimoxazole group 88, 64, 84, 64, 56, 44 per cent and the norfloxacin group 92, 56, 72, 40 per cent and 56, 28 per cent respectively [10].

Biological context of NSC383468

• Andrographolide (Andro), a diterpenoid lactone isolated from a traditional herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata, is known to possess potent anti-inflammatory activity [7].
• Andrographolide inhibits the expression of several proinflammatory proteins that exhibit a nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) binding site in their gene [11].
• C5a-activated ERK1/2 phosphorylation was 86+/-9% inhibited by 30 microM andrographolide [12].
• Although the order of all these events has not been determined, it is concluded that APE and andrographolide induce cell cycle arrest and affect an intrinsic mitochondria-dependent pathway of apoptosis by regulating the expression of some pro-apoptotic markers in HL-60 cells [13].
• Inhibitory effect of Andrographis paniculata extract and its active diterpenoids on platelet aggregation [14].

Anatomical context of NSC383468

• Andrographolide prevents oxygen radical production by human neutrophils: possible mechanism(s) involved in its anti-inflammatory effect [15].
• Andrographolide, an active component found in leaves of Andrographis paniculata, has been reported to exhibit nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory property in endotoxin-stimulated macrophages, however, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear [16].
• 2. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of andrographolide on the activation of NF-kappaB induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF) and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) in HL-60 cells differentiated to neutrophils [11].
• Andrographolide suppresses endothelial cell apoptosis via activation of phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase/Akt pathway [17].
• These results were consistent with the observation that T cell activation by dendritic cells (DCs) was completely abolished by exposing DCs to andrographolide during antigen pulse [1].

Associations of NSC383468 with other chemical compounds

• 6. Our results indicated that andrographolide inhibits nitrite synthesis by suppressing expression of iNOS protein in vitro [2].
• In the present study we investigated the effect of andrographolide on the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) [16].
• The results indicated that andrographolide (AP(1)) and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (AP(3)) significantly inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in a concentration-(1-100 muM) and time-dependent manner while neoandrographolide (AP(4)) had little or no activity [14].
• Activation of alpha1A-adrenoceptor by andrographolide to increase glucose uptake in cultured myoblast C2C12 cells [18].
• On-line coupling of dynamic microwave-assisted extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide in Andrographis paniculata Nees [19].

Gene context of NSC383468

• 7. It is concluded that andrographolide exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-kappaB binding to DNA, and thus reducing the expression of proinflammatory proteins, such as COX-2 [11].
• Andrograpanin, a compound isolated from anti-inflammatory traditional Chinese medicine Andrographis paniculata, enhances chemokine SDF-1alpha-induced leukocytes chemotaxis [20].
• In this study, we have investigated the effect of andrographolide on the production of TNF-alpha and IL-12 (Interleukin-12) in murine peritoneal macrophages [21].
• These results suggested that andrographolide inhibit LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha via suppression of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway [21].
• Andrographolide also reduces the expression of iNOS protein level but without a significant effect on iNOS mRNA [16].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of NSC383468

• 3. Western blot analysis demonstrated that iNOS expression was markedly attenuated in the presence of andrographolide for 6-24 h, suggesting that andrographolide inhibited iNOS protein induction [2].
• In this paper, metabolites of andrographolide in the urine of eight healthy volunteers after oral administration were further investigated [22].
• A novel technique based on dynamic microwave-assisted extraction (DMAE) coupled on-line with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) through a flow injection interface has been developed for determination of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide in Andrographis paniculata Nees [19].
• Andrographis paniculata is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been effectively used for treatment of infection, inflammation, cold, fever, and diarrhea in China. However, mechanism of its therapeutic function is not well known [20].
• The present paper describes the development of a micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MEKC) method for simultaneous determination of andrographolide, deoxyandrographolide and neoandrographolide in ethanol extracts of Andrographis paniculata [23].

References