Disease relevance of Chlorophenols

• Soft tissue sarcoma and exposure to phenoxyherbicides and chlorophenols in New Zealand [1].
• Malignant lymphoma of histiocytic type and exposure to phenoxyacetic acids or chlorophenols [2].
• A third case-control study in Sweden suggests that phenoxy acids and chlorophenols may also predispose to Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, but as yet there is little support for this theory from other sources [3].
• The present article reviews recent studies on the toxicity and metabolism in mammals and aquatic organisms and the degradation of the chlorophenols under various conditions in the environment [4].
• A 16S rRNA analysis revealed that strain PCP-1T exhibits 95% homology with Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans JW/IU-DC1, an anaerobic bacterium which can dehalogenate chlorophenols only in ortho positions [5].

Psychiatry related information on Chlorophenols

• Multi-criteria decision making in micellar liquid chromatographic separation of chlorophenols [6].

High impact information on Chlorophenols

• Exposure to phenoxyacetic acids or chlorophenols gave a statistically significant increased rate ratio (RR) of 1.80 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-3.18] for soft tissue sarcoma [7].
• High-grade exposure to chlorophenols, which are also contaminated by dioxins, gave an RR of 5.25 (95% CI = 1.69-16.34) [7].
• Occupational exposure to chlorophenoxy herbicides and chlorophenols [8].
• Soft-tissue sarcoma, malignant lymphoma, and exposure to phenoxyacids or chlorophenols [9].
• The extracellular, lignin-degrading enzymes of the Basidiomycetes are involved in the oxidative degradation of chlorophenols and dioxin and can cause reductive dechlorination of halomethanes [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Chlorophenols

• Isolation of Pseudomonas pickettii strains that degrade 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and their dechlorination of chlorophenols [11].
• 31P nuclear magnetic resonance studies of effects of some chlorophenols on Escherichia coli and a pentachlorophenol-degrading bacterium [12].
• To confirm the importance of the proton affinities on the toxicity of chlorophenols, calorimetric responses of these molecules and related ones where the acid proton is changed to a methyl group (anisol and its chlorinated derivatives) were used to verify their effects on Chromobacterium violaceum [13].
• All treated solutions of phenol and chlorophenols, except 2,4-dichlorophenol, had substantially lower toxicities than their corresponding initial toxicities, as measured using the Microtox assay [14].
• Acute toxicity of pure chlorophenols (CPs) and their ozonated intermediates was evaluated by Microtox assay [15].

Biological context of Chlorophenols

• Cancer and occupational exposure to chlorophenols [16].
• This is most likely the result of the increased strength of hydrogen bonding between electron-donating alkoxyphenols (negative sigma values) and an electrophilic group in the enzyme's active site, thereby reducing catalytic efficiencies for such substrates relative to alkyl- and chlorophenols [17].
• Development and evaluation of an immunoassay for biological monitoring chlorophenols in urine as potential indicators of occupational exposure [18].
• In the present work, group philicities are utilized for the first time in QSAR analysis for ecotoxicological studies on chlorophenols (CPs) [19].
• The reconstituted enzyme catalyzed the hydroxylation of several tested chlorophenols with the coconsumption of NADH and oxygen [20].

Anatomical context of Chlorophenols

• Equilibrium sampling through membranes of freely dissolved chlorophenols in water samples with hollow fiber supported liquid membrane [21].
• Aquatic plants take up and sequester organic contaminants such as chlorophenols through incorporation in cell wall materials and storage in vacuoles [22].
• A Desulfitobacterium strain isolated from human feces that does not dechlorinate chloroethenes or chlorophenols [23].
• The study of isolated class A chloroplasts demonstrated that the uncoupling and the inhibition of the electron transfer in thylakoids could explain the effect of the chlorophenols on the whole photosynthetic mechanism [24].
• Short-term effects of chlorophenols on the function and viability of primary cultured rat hepatocytes [25].

Associations of Chlorophenols with other chemical compounds

• Use of the fluorescent probe 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate to monitor the interactions of chlorophenols with phospholipid membranes (liposomes) [26].
• To better understand the fate of chlorophenols treated in upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactors, we examined the ability of sludge granules from such bioreactors to degrade two trichlorophenols and one dichlorophenol in batch incubations under controlled conditions [27].
• Immersed solvent microextraction of phenol and chlorophenols from water samples followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [28].
• Liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to determine alkylphenols (APs), chlorophenols (CPs) and bisphenol-A (BPA) in aqueous samples [29].
• The capacity of non-ligninolytic and ligninolytic fungi in the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-xylene (BTEX), chlorophenols, polychlorinated biphenyl, munitions waste and pesticides have been discussed [30].

Gene context of Chlorophenols

• Fourteen phenols including chlorophenols and alkylphenols, could be efficiently adsorbed on a strong anion-exchange solid phase, Oasis MAX [31].
• The polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber was the most suitable for preconcentrating the analytes from the headspace of an aqueous solution containing the dissolved honey samples where the chlorophenols had been submitted to acetylation [32].
• Quantitative structure-activity relationships in fish toxicity studies. Part 2: the influence of pH on the QSAR of chlorophenols [33].
• Estimates of homologue-specific emissions indicate that combustion processes represent a far more significant source of tetra and penta CDD/Fs than do chlorophenols, which in turn constitute a greater source of hepta- and octachlorinated congeners [34].
• Evaluation of interactive toxicity of chlorophenols in water and soil using lux-marked biosensors [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Chlorophenols

• In the light of Swedish studies reporting an association between exposure to phenoxyherbicides or chlorophenols and soft tissue sarcoma, a case-control study was undertaken that involved interviewing 82 subjects (cases) with soft tissue sarcoma and 92 controls with other types of cancer [1].
• Electrochemical oxidation of chlorophenols at a boron-doped diamond electrode and their determination by high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection [36].
• New carrier electrolytes for the separation of chlorophenols by capillary electrophoresis [37].
• Anodically pretreated diamond electrodes have been used for the detection of chlorophenols (CPs) in environmental water samples after high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation [36].
• The ELISA reported recognizes on a much less extent other chlorinated phenols, such as 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,6-TtCP, 21%), 2,4,5-TCP (12%) and 2,3,5-TCP (15%); however, brominated phenols (BP) are even more recognized than the corresponding chlorinated analogues (ex. 2,4,6-TBP, 710%; 2,4-DBP, 119%) [18].

References