Disease relevance of Chlorophenols

• Crystal structure of 3-chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase key enzyme of a new modified ortho-pathway from the Gram-positive Rhodococcus opacus 1CP grown on 2-chlorophenol [1].
• X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been utilized to investigate the structure of the active site of iron(II) catechol 2,3-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida mt2 both in the native and the 2-chlorophenol inhibited forms [2].
• Our study suggests that except for smoking and chlorophenol exposure, which are associated with both sites, the risk factor profiles may differ between sinonasal and nasopharyngeal cancers [3].
• Occupational chlorophenol exposure and soft tissue sarcoma risk among men aged 30-60 years [4].
• The membrane-bound 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetate (Cl-OHPA) reductive dehalogenase from the chlorophenol-reducing anaerobe Desulfitobacterium hafniense was purified 11.3-fold to apparent homogeneity in the presence of the detergent CHAPS [5].

Psychiatry related information on Chlorophenols

• Up to 90% 2-chlorophenol was removed after 90-minute reaction time with H2O2 of 25% COD(Cr, in), while in UV/H2O2 system only 16.8% 2-chlorophenol was removed after one hour treatment [6].
• For the cirrhosis of the liver category, internal comparisons demonstrated increasing trends associated with duration of employment in the Chlorophenol Production and Finishing areas; but available evidence suggests this finding was related to alcohol abuse [7].

High impact information on Chlorophenols

• A literature survey and data from pilot-scale combustion experiments allow conclusions to be drawn on the relations between ClPhs and PCDD/Fs in municipal waste incineration and other combustion processes [8].
• Expression of the delivered lacZ gene in various tissues of nude mice was assessed qualitatively by 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside staining of sections and quantitatively by measuring enzyme activity in tissue extracts, using the substrate of beta-galactosidase, chlorophenol red-beta-D-galactopyranoside [9].
• Stronger associations for non-Hodgkin lymphoma and kidney cancer incidence were observed with pentachlorophenol than with total chlorophenol; no association was observed with tetrachlorophenol [10].
• Chlorophenol hydroxylases encoded by plasmid pJP4 differentially contribute to chlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation [11].
• In addition, 10 open reading frames exhibiting sequence similarity to genes encoding enzymes involved in chlorophenol degradation were cloned and designated part of a chlorophenol degradation gene cluster (cph genes) [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Chlorophenols

• One type includes strains belonging to the Ralstonia genus and possessing a set of tcp-like genes, which efficiently degrade 2,4,6-TCP and therefore grow in liquid cultures containing this chlorophenol as a sole carbon source [13].
• Regulation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and chlorophenol metabolism in Pseudomonas cepacia AC1100 [14].
• Furthermore, increased chlorophenol production by overexpression of TfdA also had a negative effect on 2,4-D degradation by C. necator JMP134 and by a different host, Burkholderia xenovorans LB400, harboring plasmid pJP4 [11].
• Two distinct enzyme systems are responsible for tetrachloroethene and chlorophenol reductive dehalogenation in Desulfitobacterium strain PCE1 [15].
• 4-Chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase from the chlorophenol-utilizing Gram-positive Rhodococcus opacus 1CP: crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis [16].

Biological context of Chlorophenols

• In addition, homogeneous chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase from 2-chlorophenol-grown biomass has shown relatively high activity towards 3-chlorocatechol [17].
• The objective of this study was to determine whether paternal occupational exposure to chlorophenol fungicides and their dioxin contaminants is associated with childhood cancer in the offspring of sawmill workers [18].
• Characterization of a second tfd gene cluster for chlorophenol and chlorocatechol metabolism on plasmid pJP4 in Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4) [19].
• These results make A. chlorophenolicus A6 a good candidate for the treatment of chlorophenol-contaminated soil in cold climates [20].
• The initial enzyme of the modified ortho-cleavage pathway, catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, had similar characteristics to those of corresponding enzymes of pathways for the degradation of chlorobenzoic acid and chlorophenol, that is, a broad substrate specificity and high activity towards chlorinated and methylated catechols [21].

Anatomical context of Chlorophenols

• Chlorophenol Red was readily transported into the lumen of the foregut, the posterior portion of the midgut, the ureter, the proximal region of the anterior pair of MT, and entire posterior pair of MT [22].
• The experiments demonstrated that immobilized cells exhibit a higher bioactivity in the degradation of chlorophenol than free cells [23].
• We have identified beta-galactosidase activity in purified bovine rod outer segments (ROS), using rho-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (PNPG) and chlorophenol red-beta-D-galactopyranoside (CPRG) as substrates [24].
• The intracanal medicament chlorophenol caused periapical tissue damage [25].
• The effect of hydroxychlorodiphenyl ethers (HO-ClX-DPEs; chlorinated pre- and isopredibenzodioxins), contaminants of technical chlorophenol preparations, on human erythrocyte membrane-bound adenosinetriphosphatases (ATPases) has been investigated [26].

Associations of Chlorophenols with other chemical compounds

• An infrared and X-ray spectroscopic study of the reactions of 2-chlorophenol, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, and chlorobenzene with model cuO/silica fly ash surfaces [27].
• The useful lifetime of the biosensor was 27 days and it was useful to determine monophenolics compounds (e.g. cresol, chlorophenol) and diphenolics compounds (e.g. catechol and dopamine) by amperometric measurements at -100mV (versus SCE) in a batch system [28].
• In this study, the "pH memory" is explored by comparing the extent of protonation of sulfonephthalein probe molecules, bromophenol blue, bromocresol green, and chlorophenol red, in aqueous solution in the pH range of 3.4-6.0 and in the resulting freeze-dried amorphous matrix (lyophile) containing trehalose and sodium citrate buffer [29].
• A multiplex PCR was optimized targeting loci involved in phenol and chlorophenol degradation, which was used to select activated sludge samples and also to assess the degradative genotype of isolates [30].
• Colonised pellets were added to chlorophenol solutions in 200-4000-ml bioreactors, resulting in >90% removal of chlorophenols within 100 min [31].

Gene context of Chlorophenols

• Whereas the cprB (chlorophenol reductive dehalogenase) genes of chlorophenol-dehalorespiring bacteria are always located upstream of cprA, all pceB genes known so far are located downstream of pceA [32].
• By expressing each ORF in Escherichia coli, we confirmed that tfdD(II) coded for a chloromuconate cycloisomerase, tfdC(II) coded for a chlorocatechol 1, 2-dioxygenase, tfdE(II) coded for a dienelactone hydrolase, tfdF(II) coded for a maleylacetate reductase, and tfdB(II) coded for a chlorophenol hydroxylase [19].
• The growth yield was about 3 g of protein per mol of 2-chlorophenol dechlorinated, and the doubling time was 3.7 days [33].
• This is the first electrochemical biosensing using P450 monooxygenases immobilized on the ISFET, and is applicable to the sensing of chlorophenol compounds [34].
• A 100-fold enriched fraction of chlorophenol reductive dehalogenase was obtained that mainly contained a protein with a subunit size of 48 kDa [15].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Chlorophenols

• The chlorophenol concentrations in the acceptor were then determined by direct injection into a HPLC system [35].
• When coupled with flow injection analysis (FIA), anodized diamond exhibited excellent stability, with a response variability of 2.3% (n = 100), for the oxidation of a high concentration (5 mM) of chlorophenol [36].
• Exposure to dioxin and nonneoplastic mortality in the expanded IARC international cohort study of phenoxy herbicide and chlorophenol production workers and sprayers [37].
• The biorecognition element is covalently immobilized onto controlled pore glass beads (CPG) and packed in a thermostatized bioreactor connected to a flow-through cell that contains CPG-immobilized chlorophenol red placed at the common end of a bifurcated fiber optic bundle [38].
• A rapid and solvent-free method for the determination of nine chlorophenol (CP) compounds in honey samples using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (GC-AED) is developed [39].

References