Disease relevance of tributyltin

• Bacteriostatic and bactericidal modes of action of bis(tributyltin)oxide on Legionella pneumophila [1].
• Toxicity of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide in the rat. I. Short-term effects on general parameters and on the endocrine and lymphoid systems [2].
• The genetic and embryotoxic effects of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) were evaluated in multiple in vivo and in vitro short-term tests preparatory to its potential wide use as a molluscicide in control of schistosomiasis [3].
• In TOX-Wistar rats, given 20 or 80 mg bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) per kg food beginning 6 weeks before cytomegalovirus infection, a regimen known to have immunotoxic effects, cytomegalovirus titers in the salivary glands were significantly increased as compared to non-TBTO-treated cytomegalovirus infected rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[4]
• To evaluate the functional significance of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO)-induced thymus atrophy, lymphocyte depletion in spleen and lymph nodes, lymphopenia, and increased serum IgM and decreased IgG concentrations, in vivo and in vitro function studies were performed for specific and nonspecific resistance [5].

Psychiatry related information on tributyltin

• Oral bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide in pregnant mice. I. Potential influence of maternal behavior on postnatal mortality [6].

High impact information on tributyltin

• Differential effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide and cyclosporine on thymus histophysiology [7].
• The method of moments (Stoyan, 1990, Model. Biomet. J. 32, 843) used in EDMA (Lele, 1993, Math. Geol. 25, 573) exhibits larger errors [8].
• Bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) produced dose- and time-dependent decreases in the content and functional activity of intestinal cytochrome P-450, together with an elevation (3-fold) in the activity of microsomal heme oxygenase [9].
• To study these issues, male Wistar rats were exposed to the immunotoxic environmental contaminants bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide (TBTO; 5, 20, or 80 mg/kg diet for 6 weeks), hexachlorobenzene (HCB; 50, 150, or 450 mg/kg diet for 6 weeks), or benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P; 3, 10, 30, or 90 mg/kg body wt for 5 weeks by a daily (5 times a week) oral intubation) [10].
• Effects of in vivo exposure to bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide, hexachlorobenzene, and benzo(a)pyrene on cytokine (receptor) mRNA levels in cultured rat splenocytes and on IL-2 receptor protein levels [10].

Biological context of tributyltin

• For prenatal exposure, pregnant Long Evans rats were intubated with 0-16 mg/kg/day bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide TBTO from Days 6 to 20 of gestation (GD 6-20) [11].
• Prenatal or postnatal exposure to bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide in the rat: postnatal evaluation of teratology and behavior [11].
• Bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide induces programmed cell death (apoptosis) in immature rat thymocytes [12].
• Consequently, Oregon Health Division (OHD) issued a shellfish consumption advisory in 1995; it was rescinded in 1997 after US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) revised the TBTO oral reference dose (RfD) [13].
• We used a combined approach to assess total extraction efficiency (2 M HNO3-extractable metals), changes in metal bio/availability (0.1 M NaNO3-extractable metals and lettuce uptake) and toxicity (lettuce biomass and the BIOMET biosensor) [14].

Anatomical context of tributyltin

• Oral administration of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide, an important organotin biocidal agent, produces a substantial elevation in heme oxygenase activity when measured at 16 hours in rat small intestine [15].
• In order to characterise the mechanism of cytotoxicity of the immunotoxic organotin compound bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) to lymphoid cells, isolated thymocytes from immature rats were exposed to TBTO (0.1-5 microM) for up to 6 h [12].
• The cortical epithelium of the rat thymus after in vivo exposure to bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO). An (immuno)histological and ultrastructural study [16].
• Forty Oxford medial unicompartmental arthroplasties (UCAs) were performed through a short incision medial to the patellar tendon, without dislocation of the patella, using updated instruments (Oxford Knee Phase III, Biomet Ltd., Bridgend, UK) [17].
• Two sets of experiments were made to determine if bis(tri-n-butyl)tin oxide (TBT) [IUPAC: hexabutyldistannoxane] influenced osmotic pressure or chloride ion concentration in hemolymph of adult American oysters, Crassostrea virginica [18].

Associations of tributyltin with other chemical compounds

• One hundred seven total hip arthroplasties were done between 1991 and 1992 with ALIZE acetabular cup with hydroxyapatite coating (Biomet France, Valence, France) and AURA hydroxyapatite-coated stem (Biomet France) in 107 patients [19].
• Twenty-one subjects who were free of metal implants were measured without and with a Biomet femoral prosthesis (titanium) placed on the proximal part of the femoral region [20].
• In vitro exposure effects of cyclosporin A and bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide on lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine (receptor) mRNA expression, and cell surface marker expression in rat thymocytes and splenocytes [21].
• The purpose of this study was to investigate the release kinetics of tobramycin from molded cylinders of Calcigen S bone void filler (Biomet, Warsaw, IN) and to compare this with the release kinetics of tobramycin from plaster of Paris-based systems as reported in the literature [22].

Gene context of tributyltin

• A Lord endoprosthesis was used in nine hips and a Biomet endoprosthesis in six [23].
• METHODS: Three types of reconstruction nails (the Russell-Taylor Delta [Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN], the Uniflex [Biomet, Warsaw, IN], Alta CFX [Howmedica-Osteonics, Rutherford, NJ]) and the Long Gamma nail (Howmedica-Osteonics, Rutherford, NJ), each measuring 11 x 380 mm, were inserted in fiberglass composite femurs [24].
• Fifty-one primary consecutive cementless AGC 2000 (Anatomically Graduated Components, Biomet, Warsaw, IN) total knee arthroplasties were performed during 1985 through 1990 in 40 patients with rheumatoid arthritis [25].
• We hypothesized that the posterior-to-anterior (PA) calcaneal interlocking screw of the Biomet Ankle Arthrodesis Nail would increase rotational stability secondary to increased bone purchase compared with the standard lateral-to-medial (transverse) screw [26].
• A 48 year-old right-hand-dominant man presented to our institution with paresthesia and loss of feeling along the median nerve distribution of the right hand 1 week after undergoing minimally open carpal tunnel release with the Biomet Indiana Tome at another hospital [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of tributyltin

• This study evaluates anisotropy and oxidative resistance in a novel, radiation crosslinked (50 kGy) UHMWPE material (ArComXL: Biomet, Inc., Warsaw, IN), incorporating solid-state, deformation processing by extrusion below the melt transition for application in total hip arthroplasty [28].
• The poor survival of Biomet cementless prostheses in our series seems to be related to the poor survival of the cup [29].
• These findings were confirmed by the results of the biosensor test (Biomet) which indicated that all zinc was indeed bioavailable [30].
• We reviewed 231 patients who had undergone total knee replacement with an AGC (Biomet) implant over a period of 2.5 years [31].
• We measured the size and volume of the femoral broaches and stems supplied with three commercial total hip replacement (THR) systems (JRI Furlong, Biomet Stanmore, and Howmedica Exeter) [32].

References