Disease relevance of Rats, Long-Evans

• Cytogenetic studies were done on 34 primary leukemias induced by N-nitroso-N-butylurea (NBU) in outbred Long-Evans rats [1].
• Normal thymuses from Buffalo and Long-Evans rats of various ages, and spontaneous and urethan-induced thymomas in Buffalo rats, were examined by electron microscopy [2].
• This study assessed the effects of varied doses of aspirin, an inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism, on Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin-induced mortality, plasma levels of arachidonate metabolites, and other pathophysiologic sequelae in Long-Evans rats [3].
• Bratteboro rats homozygous for hereditary diabetes insipidus with total absence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) synthesis responded with BP decreases following i.v.t. Leu-ENK, while BP increases were observed in control Long-Evans rats [4].
• Carbachol (1 microgram/kg) or physostigmine (50 micrograms/kg) induced a long-lasting increase in blood pressure and a decrease in heart rate in Long-Evans rats whereas no bradycardia was observed in Brattleboro rats, and the pressor response was significantly less than that in Long-Evans rats [5].

Psychiatry related information on Rats, Long-Evans

• Experiments were conducted to determine whether daily melatonin injections could influence reentrainment of circadian locomotor activity rhythms in male Long-Evans rats after phase shifts of the light dark (LD) cycle [6].
• Homozygous Brattleboro rats had rates of glucose metabolism that were 39-68% greater than those in corresponding SFO subregions of Long-Evans rats; these differences were accentuated by about 50% following 18 h of water deprivation [7].
• The onset of maternal behavior in Long-Evans rats was examined after pseudopregnancy (PsP) termination, both with and without exogenous estrogen administration, and in response to either clean or placenta-smeared stimulus pups [8].
• In order to reveal a participation of this nucleus in the regulation of the cortical EEG also during waking states and slow wave sleep unilateral ibotenic acid lesions of this nucleus were made in 12 Long-Evans rats [9].
• These studies were designed to examine the effects of "hunger" induced by food deprivation, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (200 mg/kg), or insulin (2 U/kg) and "thirst" induced by water deprivation, sodium chloride (4 M), or polyethylene glycol (5 ml of 30% w/w) on lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation in 40 male Long-Evans rats [10].

High impact information on Rats, Long-Evans

• To investigate whether leptin exerts similar effects in normal animals, we administered leptin intracerebroventricularly (icv) to Long-Evans rats [11].
• Further studies in Long-Evans rats demonstrate a similar response to a comparable degree of fluid deprivation as Uosm and AVP mRNA were significantly increased after 72 h of fluid deprivation (Uosm, 1,505 +/- 186 to 5,460 +/- 560 mosmol/kg, P less than 0.001; AVP mRNA, 31.7 +/- 3.9 to 77.5 +/- 4.6 pg/micrograms total RNA, P less than 0.001) [12].
• Chromosomes obtained from tumors in male Long-Evans rats with transplantable Shay chloroleukemia were counted and analyzed with Giemsa staining and quinacrine fluorescence [13].
• Concentrations of PKC were determined for individual 6-month-old (n = 13) and 24-month-old (n = 27) male Long-Evans rats trained in the water maze on a standard place-learning task and a transfer task designed for rapid acquisition [14].
• Adult Long Evans rats were maintained on ethanol-containing or isocaloric control liquid diets for 8 weeks, after which the livers were harvested to measure mRNA levels, protein expression, and kinase or phosphatase activity related to survival or proapoptosis mechanisms [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Rats, Long-Evans

• We examined the role of vasopressin in the neurocardiogenic responses to mild, rapid hemorrhage (1 mL/100 g for 30 seconds) and severe hemorrhage (1 mL/100 g body wt for 30 seconds repeated three times at 11-minute intervals) in homozygous Brattleboro and Long-Evans rats [16].
• Methylatropine also attenuated both the bradycardic and hypotensive responses induced by hemorrhage, but propranolol had no effect on the cardiovascular responses to hemorrhage in Long-Evans rats [16].
• In comparison to findings in normal Long-Evans rats, pressor responses to intraventricular perfusions of angiotensin II were reduced in rats heterozygous for hypothalamic diabetes insipidus and virtually absent in rats homozygous for the hypothalamic deficiency whether they were treated with vasopressin or not [17].
• Cholesterol-feeding of hypothyroid Long-Evans rats results in a marked hypercholesterolemia and hepatic secretion of cholesteryl ester and apoE-rich VLDL and LDL which accumulate in the serum compartment (J. Lipid Res. 1981 22: 971-989) [18].
• Hypothyroidism of mild intensity was obtained with prenatal and neonatal submission of Long-Evans rats to an iodide-rich diet [19].

Biological context of Rats, Long-Evans

• In Long Evans rats, intracisternal AVP (0.3 ng) increased cardiac baroreflex responses to both increases and decreases in pressure [20].
• Administration of the vasopressin vascular receptor antagonist D(CH2)5Tyr-(Me)AVP (2 micrograms/kg) caused further blood pressure decreases only in Long-Evans rats, so that the final blood pressure in both groups was identical [21].
• Clorazepate dipotassium (Tranxene), an anticonvulsant benzodiazepine, was tested for teratogenicity by injecting ten pregnant Long-Evans rats with 32 mg/kg of body weight intramuscularly on days 8.5, 9.5, and 10.5 of gestation [22].
• The effect of age on pilocarpine-induced expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos was examined in the hippocampus and cortex of Long-Evans rats [23].
• In the current study, the BDNF gene was transfected into iris pigment epithelial (IPE) cells of Long-Evans rats, and the neuroprotective ability of the IPE cells transfected with the BDNF gene against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced neuroretinal cell death and against phototoxic damage was examined [24].

Anatomical context of Rats, Long-Evans

• Male Long-Evans rats received ibotenic acid-induced lesions of either dorsal or ventral hippocampus or underwent sham surgeries [25].
• In host animals that received grafts containing the precursor population of SCN neurons, the temporal profile of VP levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oscillated with a circadian periodicity in a manner similar to that observed in normal Long-Evans rats [26].
• The hormonal milieu of the testis was examined in streptozocin-induced diabetic (STZ-D) adult male Wistar and Long-Evans rats [27].
• Treatment of demineralized bone matrix particles from 35-week-old normal Long-Evans rats with glycoaldehyde, a precursor of advanced glycation end-products, was used to assess the effects of bone-matrix glycation on the process of bone differentiation [28].
• The distribution of perivascular nerve fibers expressing nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-immunoreactivity was examined in Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats using affinity-purified rabbit antisera raised against NOS from rat cerebellum [29].

Associations of Rats, Long-Evans with chemical compounds

• First, young adult or mid-aged male Long-Evans rats were treated for either 1 or 3 months with corticosterone, at a dose sufficient to mimic the elevated hormone levels observed following exposure to mild stress [30].
• To investigate the ability of different hormonal agents to block the effects of cyclophosphamide (CTX) on reproductive function, sexually mature female Long-Evans rats were studied [31].
• Diabetes was induced in Long-Evans rats with streptozotocin, and simvastatin administration was begun immediately after the induction of diabetes [32].
• These parameters plus luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were studied in experiments 2 and 3 with Long-Evans rats in untreated diabetic, control, insulin-treated diabetic, nondiabetic STZ-injected, and semistarved groups [27].
• Cotreatment of male Long Evans rats with MCDF (50 mumol/kg) and a dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) that causes a near-maximal induction of hepatic microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activities resulted in a significant inhibition of these activities for up to 96 hr [33].

Gene context of Rats, Long-Evans

• 1. In conscious, Long Evans rats, chronically instrumented for the measurement of regional haemodynamics, we compared responses to the putative, selective ETB-receptor agonist, [Ala1,3,11,15]endothelin-1 (ET-1), obtained from two sources (Microchemical Laboratory, Cambridge (MLC) and Neosystem Laboratory, France (NLF)) [34].
• The localization of CRF-41 related peptide was studied in the brain and posterior pituitary of the homozygous rats for the inherited diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro strain, DI) and of the Long-Evans rats (LE) as control [35].
• These studies demonstrate that the cytokine responses in Long-Evans rats exposed to a superantigen are somewhat similar to those that occur in mice and humans, e.g. a rapid short increase in the production of IFN-gamma and TNF that was accompanied by an increase in the production of IL-2 [36].
• Satiated Long-Evans rats with temperature transponders implanted in the interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) displayed a dose-dependent decrease in BAT temperature and an increase in food intake after ICV infusion of NPY [37].
• Rat synthetic amidated islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) was infused into conscious Long-Evans rats chronically instrumented for the measurement of regional hemodynamics [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Rats, Long-Evans

• A change in perfusion pressure in the Long Evans rats from 89.3 +/- 1.0 to 108.7 +/- 1.1 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) was associated with significant increases in the fractional excretion of sodium (1.1 +/- 0.2 to 2.3 +/- 0.3%) and the urinary prostaglandin excretion (32.6 +/- 6.8 to 56.6 +/- 10.0 pg/min) [39].
• METHODS: Diabetes was induced in male Long-Evans rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) [40].
• Experimental treatment consisted of subcutaneous injections of cortisone acetate in a dose of 2.5 mg/rat/day for 4 days, beginning at 29 to 30 days of age in Buffalo rats, or 5 mg/rat/day for 4 or 5 days, beginning at 39 to 41 days of age in Long-Evans rats [41].
• Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to analyze hepatic microsomal polypeptides after treatment of immature, male Long-Evans rats with 3-methylcholanthrene, pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile, isosafrole, SKF-525A, Aroclor-1254, gamma-chlordane, or trans-stilbene oxide [42].
• METHODS: Levels of aspartate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, glutamine, and taurine were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the retina and vitreous humor of albino (Wistar) and pigmented (Long-Evans) rats [43].

References