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PLK2  -  polo-like kinase 2

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: PLK-2, Polo-like kinase 2, SNK, Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK2, Serine/threonine-protein kinase SNK, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of PLK2

 

High impact information on PLK2

 

Chemical compound and disease context of PLK2

 

Biological context of PLK2

 

Anatomical context of PLK2

 

Associations of PLK2 with chemical compounds

  • In COS cells, Plk2 and Plk3 interact with spine-associated Rap guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein (SPAR), a regulator of actin dynamics and dendritic spine morphology, leading to its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system [14].
  • Although transcription of the SNK gene was also regulated by tunicamycin, etoposide, or staurosporine, FK506 did not show any effects on these regulations [15].
  • Screening of Domain-specific Target Proteins of Polo-like Kinase 1: Construction and Application of Centrosome/Kinetochore-specific Targeting Peptide [16].
  • Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated Snk/Plk2 silencing in the presence of the mitotic poisons paclitaxel (Taxol) or nocodazole significantly increased apoptosis, similar to p53 mutations, which confer paclitaxel sensitivity [17].
  • Influence of chk1 and plk1 silencing on radiation- or cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in human malignant cells [18].
 

Regulatory relationships of PLK2

  • The vector-based RNAi approach was used to evaluate the role of the p53 pathway in Plk1 depletion-induced apoptosis in cancer cells with different p53 backgrounds [19].
 

Other interactions of PLK2

  • Using the yeast two-hybrid screening, we identify SNK as a candidate substrate of hVPS18 [11].
  • Epigenetic inactivation of Plk2 via aberrant CpG methylation in the transcriptional regulatory elements of the gene is a common event in B cell neoplasia, whereas epigenetic inactivation of Plk3 is exceedingly rare in lymphomas [2].
  • The Plk family genes are also differentially regulated in stressed cells; for example, when DNA-damaging agents are added to cycling cells, Plk1 expression decreases, but Plk2 and Plk3 expression increases [20].
  • Induction of Plk2 in hippocampal neurons eliminates SPAR protein, depletes a core postsynaptic scaffolding molecule (PSD-95), and causes loss of mature dendritic spines and synapses [14].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PLK2

  • Systematic immunoprecipitation analyses using a series of deletion mutants of p53 revealed that a sequence-specific DNA-binding region of p53 is required and sufficient for the physical interaction with Plk1 [3].
  • The expression of Plk1 was analyzed by reverse transcriptional PCR and a tissue array using immunohistochemical staining method in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues [13].
  • Interestingly, in a human xenograft experiment using MDA-MB-435 cells, the combination of Plk1 ASOs with paclitaxel led to synergistic reduction of tumor growth after 3 weeks of treatment compared with either agent alone [9].
  • METHODS: PLK1 expression was determined in 160 gastric carcinoma patients by immunohistochemistry and compared with p53 expression and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labeling index (PCNA-LI) to evaluate the effect of PLK1 on tumor progression [21].
  • We have generated mice deficient in Plk2 by gene targeting [22].

References

  1. Transcriptional silencing of Polo-like kinase 2 (SNK/PLK2) is a frequent event in B-cell malignancies. Syed, N., Smith, P., Sullivan, A., Spender, L.C., Dyer, M., Karran, L., O'Nions, J., Allday, M., Hoffmann, I., Crawford, D., Griffin, B., Farrell, P.J., Crook, T. Blood (2006) [Pubmed]
  2. Epigenetic inactivation implies a tumor suppressor function in hematologic malignancies for Polo-like kinase 2 but not Polo-like kinase 3. Smith, P., Syed, N., Crook, T. Cell Cycle (2006) [Pubmed]
  3. Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) inhibits p53 function by physical interaction and phosphorylation. Ando, K., Ozaki, T., Yamamoto, H., Furuya, K., Hosoda, M., Hayashi, S., Fukuzawa, M., Nakagawara, A. J. Biol. Chem. (2004) [Pubmed]
  4. Induction of tetraploidy through loss of p53 and upregulation of Plk1 by human papillomavirus type-16 E6. Incassati, A., Patel, D., McCance, D.J. Oncogene (2006) [Pubmed]
  5. The Plk1 target Kizuna stabilizes mitotic centrosomes to ensure spindle bipolarity. Oshimori, N., Ohsugi, M., Yamamoto, T. Nat. Cell Biol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  6. Effect of RNA silencing of polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) on apoptosis and spindle formation in human cancer cells. Spänkuch-Schmitt, B., Bereiter-Hahn, J., Kaufmann, M., Strebhardt, K. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (2002) [Pubmed]
  7. Aurora-A overexpression reveals tetraploidization as a major route to centrosome amplification in p53-/- cells. Meraldi, P., Honda, R., Nigg, E.A. EMBO J. (2002) [Pubmed]
  8. Antibody microinjection reveals an essential role for human polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) in the functional maturation of mitotic centrosomes. Lane, H.A., Nigg, E.A. J. Cell Biol. (1996) [Pubmed]
  9. Down-regulation of Polo-like kinase 1 elevates drug sensitivity of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Spänkuch, B., Heim, S., Kurunci-Csacsko, E., Lindenau, C., Yuan, J., Kaufmann, M., Strebhardt, K. Cancer Res. (2006) [Pubmed]
  10. Utilization of Drosophila eye to probe the functions of two mammalian serine/threonine kinases, Snk and HsHPK. Liu, M.A., Huang, A.M., Chou, C.K., Liaw, G.J., Wu, C.W. J. Biomed. Sci. (2001) [Pubmed]
  11. Ubiquitylation and degradation of serum-inducible kinase by hVPS18, a RING-H2 type ubiquitin ligase. Yogosawa, S., Hatakeyama, S., Nakayama, K.I., Miyoshi, H., Kohsaka, S., Akazawa, C. J. Biol. Chem. (2005) [Pubmed]
  12. Polo-like Kinases Inhibited by Wortmannin: LABELING SITE AND DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS. Liu, Y., Jiang, N., Wu, J., Dai, W., Rosenblum, J.S. J. Biol. Chem. (2007) [Pubmed]
  13. Oncogenic effect of Polo-like kinase 1 expression in human gastric carcinomas. Jang, Y.J., Kim, Y.S., Kim, W.H. Int. J. Oncol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  14. Polo-like kinases in the nervous system. Seeburg, D.P., Pak, D., Sheng, M. Oncogene (2005) [Pubmed]
  15. Protective effect of FK506 against apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells correlates with regulation of the serum inducible kinase gene. Muramoto, M., Yamazaki, T., Morikawa, N., Okitsu, O., Nagashima, T., Oe, T., Nishimura, S., Kita, Y. Biochem. Pharmacol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  16. Screening of Domain-specific Target Proteins of Polo-like Kinase 1: Construction and Application of Centrosome/Kinetochore-specific Targeting Peptide. Ji, J.H., Jang, Y.J. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  17. Silencing of the novel p53 target gene Snk/Plk2 leads to mitotic catastrophe in paclitaxel (taxol)-exposed cells. Burns, T.F., Fei, P., Scata, K.A., Dicker, D.T., El-Deiry, W.S. Mol. Cell. Biol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  18. Influence of chk1 and plk1 silencing on radiation- or cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in human malignant cells. Gao, Q., Huang, X., Tang, D., Cao, Y., Chen, G., Lu, Y., Zhuang, L., Wang, S., Xu, G., Zhou, J., Ma, D. Apoptosis (2006) [Pubmed]
  19. Normal cells, but not cancer cells, survive severe Plk1 depletion. Liu, X., Lei, M., Erikson, R.L. Mol. Cell. Biol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  20. Differential regulation of polo-like kinase 1, 2, 3, and 4 gene expression in mammalian cells and tissues. Winkles, J.A., Alberts, G.F. Oncogene (2005) [Pubmed]
  21. Expression of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) protein predicts the survival of patients with gastric carcinoma. Kanaji, S., Saito, H., Tsujitani, S., Matsumoto, S., Tatebe, S., Kondo, A., Ozaki, M., Ito, H., Ikeguchi, M. Oncology (2006) [Pubmed]
  22. Role of Plk2 (Snk) in mouse development and cell proliferation. Ma, S., Charron, J., Erikson, R.L. Mol. Cell. Biol. (2003) [Pubmed]
 
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