Disease relevance of HIST2H3C

• In MCF-7 breast cancer cells, we observed that phosphorylated histone H3 (phospho-H3) at Ser(10) but not Ser(28) increased with phorbol ester (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, TPA) treatment [1].
• In vivo protein binding sites and nuclease hypersensitivity in the promoter region of a cell cycle regulated human H3 histone gene [2].
• The human CENP-A gene, the centromere-specific histone H3 variant, contains 28 minor codons for E. coli [3].
• Among nine patients with acute myelogenous leukemia, mRNA levels of MYC and histone H3 were reduced in five patients, and hematologic remission was achieved in three of these individuals [4].
• Among acute lymphocytic leukemia patients, the mRNA levels of MYC and/or histone H3 were reduced by the therapy in seven of nine patients [4].

High impact information on HIST2H3C

• We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a continuous 2100 bp segment of DNA including both H3 and H4 coding sequences, the entire spacer DNA separating the genes and surrounding nonhistone DNA [5].
• We have cloned and characterized members of a small multigene family that encodes late-stage histone H3 and H4 mRNAs from the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus [5].
• Unlike their highly repetitive histone gene counterparts, which are expressed at an earlier developmental stage, late H3 and H4 histone genes are not present in tandem repeats [5].
• From deletion analysis of a hamster H3.2 fusion gene, we report here that the crucial control signals for both cell-cycle regulation and high level expression in vivo are contained in a 32-nucleotide (nt) region about 150 nt upstream of the TATA sequence and do not require any histone protein coding sequence [6].
• A hybrid gene containing the 5' sequence of a hamster histone H3 gene and the coding sequence of the bacterial neomycin-resistance gene (neo) was constructed [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of HIST2H3C

• DNase I hypersensitivity and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays using u-PAR-expressing colon cancer cells indicated a hypersensitive region (+665/+2068) in intron 1 enriched with acetylated histone 3 (H3) and H3 methylated at lysine 4, markers of regulatory regions [8].
• Second, we analysed whether the expression of human cytomegalovirus immediate early genes in rat 9G cells, which are known to be induced in an S-phase dependent way by cycloheximide, correlated with the expression of histone H3 mRNA [9].
• RESULTS: Of the 14 cantharidin analogues tested, LS-1, LS-2 and LS-5 at concentrations of 3-20 microM showed little or no toxicity, produced elevated levels of H1 and H3 phosphorylation, and effected significant radiosensitization at low radiation dose [10].
• The BrdU and histone H3 mRNA labeling indices (LIs) were lowest for normal epithelium, higher for hyperplastic and dysplastic epithelia, and highest for squamous cell carcinoma [11].

Biological context of HIST2H3C

• A human histone gene cluster was assigned to chromosome 1 by Southern blot analysis of DNA's from a series of mouse-human somatic cell hybrids with 32P-labeled cloned human H4 and H3 histone DNA as probes [12].
• In chronically infected cells treated with a phorbol ester, we found that acetylation of both histones H3 and H4 occurs at discrete nucleosomal regions before the onset of viral mRNA transcription [13].
• Histone H3 phosphorylation is a downstream response to activation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway [1].
• The upstream region of this cell cycle dependent H3 histone gene, designated pST519, contains consensus sequences typical of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II [14].
• The complete nucleotide sequence of an H3 structural gene and 515 nucleotides of 5' and 100 nucleotides of 3' flanking sequences were determined [14].

Anatomical context of HIST2H3C

• Expression of the pST519 H3 histone gene in COS cells in the absence of the SV40 72-bp enhancer confirmed that the sequences required for promoting transcription reside within the 750-bp 5' flanking sequences and that the exogenous enhancer facilitates, but is not a prerequisite for, transcription [14].
• Using a nuclease S1 assay, we detected about 10,000 transcripts encoding both late H3 and H4 proteins in the unfertilized egg [15].
• In order to test some aspects of the model we have created a series of linker scan, deletion and insertion mutants of the 3' terminus of a sea urchin H3 histone gene and have injected mutant DNAs or in vitro synthesized precursors into frog oocyte nuclei for interpretation [16].
• Changes in the stability of a human H3 histone mRNA during the HeLa cell cycle [17].
• Use of intracellular H3 messenger RNA as a marker to determine the proliferation pattern of normal and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-transformed hamster oral epithelium [18].

Associations of HIST2H3C with chemical compounds

• In chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, estradiol treatment resulted in the association of the estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) and acetylated H3 with the TFF1 promoter [1].
• Models of 12 (R) HETE, 12 (S) HETE (the "S" isomer of 12 (R) HETE), and 8 (R) hydroxy-hexadecatrienoic acid [8 (R) HHDTrE, a catabolic isomer of 12 (R) HETE] were formed and docked with phosphatidyl choline and the H3-H4 peptide of the alpha-subunit of Na,K-ATPase [19].
• Structural basis for the specific recognition of methylated histone H3 lysine 4 by the WD-40 protein WDR5 [20].
• Here, we demonstrate via transcriptional activation studies in cell culture that alteration of residues involved in H3-H5 interaction consistently produces a gain of function in steroid hormone receptors [21].
• Labeling of histone H3 mRNA using in situ hybridization (ISH) was assessed as a measure of S-phase cells and compared with that found using in vivo 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) labeling in formalin-fixed rat colonic crypts under baseline, modified 72-h starvation, and 24-h refeeding conditions [22].

Other interactions of HIST2H3C

• Fusion genes were constructed using the 5' flanking sequences of this human H3 histone gene and either human beta-globin or bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) coding sequences [14].
• The Volvox H3 gene structure combines the exon-intron organization of fungal H3 and vertebrate H3.3 genes with a termination signal typical for animal H3.1 genes [23].
• The protein-DNA contacts persist throughout the cell cycle and thus may have a functional relationship with the basal level of transcription of this H3 gene that occurs during and outside of S phase [2].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of HIST2H3C

• The most recent innovation in tissue identification of proliferating cells is the use of in situ hybridization for the localization of histone H3 and/or H4 mRNA [24].
• Characterization of these interactions by various procedures (including affinity chromatography on Pro T alpha-Sepharose columns, immunoblotting assay and investigation of the behaviour of mixtures of Pro T alpha and histones in solution) indicated that Pro T alpha has higher affinity for core histones (particularly H3 and H4) than for H1 [25].
• Prognostic significance of "short-term" effects of chemotherapy on MYC and histone H3 mRNA levels in acute leukemia patients [4].
• Sequence analysis of acetylation and methylation in two histone H3 variants of alfalfa [26].
• VLS sera had substantial IgM antibodies to histone demonstrated by enzyme immunoassay, and further analysis of representative sera showed predominant antibody activity to histone class 3 (H-3) [27].

References