Disease relevance of env

• The dynamics of plasma viremia were explored in a group of 12 simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) that had received prior immunization with either nonrecombinant or trivalent (gag-pol, env) SIV-recombinant vaccinia viruses [1].
• Cynomolgus macaques were immunized intramuscularly with modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing the SIVsm env and gag-pol genes (MVA-SIVsm) at 0 and 3 months (n=4), at 0, 3 and 8 months (n=4) or at 0 and 3 months followed by purified native SIVsm gp148 and recombinant SIVmac p27 in immunostimulatory complexes at 8 months (n=4) [2].
• Targeting a type I transmembrane protein, the HIV-1 envelope (env) protein, for expression in the cytoplasm, rather than allowing its normal co-translational translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum, sensitized target cells expressing this mutant more rapidly for lysis by an env-specific CTL clone [3].
• In this study, the ability of a recombinant canarypox virus expressing SIV Gag-Pol-Env (ALVAC/SIV gag-pol-env) was assessed for its ability to elicit both dominant and subdominant epitope-specific CTL responses in rhesus monkeys [4].
• A highly pathogenic simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), designated C2/1, was obtained by serum passages in cynomolgus monkeys of p-SHIV, an SHIV strain that contains the env gene of pathogenic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 89 [5].

Psychiatry related information on env

• Unlike our earlier studies of tat and env, nef evolution was not affected by morphine abuse or by rapid disease progression [6].

High impact information on env

• Additionally, a greatly enhanced de novo env-specific CTL response was induced in vivo after immunization of mice with recombinant vaccinia vectors expressing the cytoplasmic env mutant [3].
• Long-term passage in a cynomolgus monkey lymphoid cell line resulted in the acquisition of two nonsynonymous changes in env, which conferred improved replication properties [7].
• We used electron tomography to directly visualize trilobed presumptive envelope (env) glycoprotein structures on the surface of negatively stained HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) virions [8].
• The aim of this study was to evaluate the oligomeric state of SIV env before membrane-fusion activation [9].
• A Conserved Dileucine Motif Mediates Clathrin and AP-2-dependent Endocytosis of the HIV-1 Envelope Protein [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of env

• We analyzed the association between the evolution of the V3-V5 regions of env and disease progression in our SIV/SHIV macaque model of morphine dependence and AIDS [11].
• In this report, we described induction of HIV envelope (env)-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses by oral vaccination of BALB/c mice with env-encoded plasmid DNA encapsulated in poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) microparticles [12].
• Furthermore, recombinant proteins coupled to latex microspheres were used for efficient stimulation and in vitro propagation of T cell clones specific for the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) envelope (env) protein [13].
• High Incidence of Unusual Cysteine Variants in gp120 Envelope Proteins from Early HIV Type 1 Infections from a Phase 3 Vaccine Efficacy Trial [14].

Biological context of env

• Nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the C2 to V5 region of env (C2-V5env) in proviral DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained 22 months before death revealed two distinct virus populations [15].
• Heteroduplex mobility assay and partial sequence analysis of env and gag genes strongly suggests that all the HIV-infected subjects were infected with clade C HIV-1 [16].
• Proviral clone pSIV BA was constructed by introducing a premature termination codon at codon 40 of the nef gene without altering the predicted amino acid sequence of the overlapping env gene [17].
• In pHP, the long terminal repeats (LTRs), the 5' untranslated leader and portions of the env and nef genes were deleted [18].
• Helper virus-free vector transfer was consistently achieved when the helper virus gag-pol and env genes were expressed from separate plasmids such that two recombination events were required to form an infectious genome [19].

Anatomical context of env

• Analysis of additional recombinants revealed that syncytium formation, but not virus production, was controlled by a 1.4-kb viral DNA fragment in SIVmac-1A11 encoding only the external env glycoprotein gp130 [20].
• We have examined the effect of a nef deletion on the infection of primary human CD4+ T lymphocytes and macrophages, using clones with nef and env sequences derived, respectively, from T cell- and macrophage-tropic viruses [21].
• In both cases we observed that viral expression was mostly limited to early regulatory genes after a transient phase of late viral gene expression (i.e. env and gag), as reported for HIV-1-infected astrocytes in vivo [22].
• Our data demonstrate that the SIV Env gene products are expressed in cultured cells after infection with a recombinant Ad containing both SIV env and rev genes [23].
• Rev is an essential HIV-1 regulatory protein that binds the Rev responsive element (RRE) within the env gene of the HIV-1 RNA genome and is involved in transport of unspliced or partially spliced viral mRNA from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm [24].

Associations of env with chemical compounds

• Viral replication was mapped by in situ hybridization for SIV env, gag, and nef RNA, and catecholaminergic varicosities from the ANS were mapped by sucrose phosphate glyoxylic acid chemofluorescence [25].
• To determine the effect of the two distinct patterns of disease in the evolution of SIV/17E-Fr envelope, we analyzed env sequences from three morphine-dependent macaques that developed accelerated AIDS and three morphine-dependent macaques that developed AIDS at a slower rate and compared them to control macaques [11].
• Site-directed mutagenesis of the env gene in this region showed that the arginine substitutions at positions 334 and/or 340 within the "V3" domain were fundamental to virus neutralization but other substitutions in the V2-V4 region added to the ease of its neutralization since it became neutralizable with much higher dilutions of serum [26].
• After sequencing different regions of the env gene including V1-V2, V3, and the fusion domain of both viruses, we have found only an asparagine (N)-to-isoleucine (I) change in position 7 of the V3 loop [27].
• Vaccination of cynomolgus macaques with beta-propiolactone inactivated SIVmacBK28 in Freund's adjuvant induced low but detectable levels of anti-SIV envelope (env) antibodies and T-cell responses and protected against challenge with the 32H isolate of SIVmac251 grown in C8166 cells [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of env

• Sequence analysis revealed a remarkably high level of similarity between their env and nef genes as well as their 3' LTR [29].
• METHODS: Proviral DNA from longitudinally collected uncultured PBMC were subjected to PCR amplification in the nef gene and env V2 and V3 regions, followed by cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to establish evolutionary relationships between HIV-1 strains over time [30].
• Intramuscular injection of an unadjuvanted HIV-1 envelope (env) DNA vaccine recruited few DCs to the injection site and elicited low-frequency, env-specific immune responses in mice [31].
• Determination of the mass of individual molecules by scanning transmission electron microscopy confirmed that SIV virion-associated env and gp140 formed largely homogeneous populations of trimers [9].
• Virion-associated env, obtained by crosslinking and detergent extraction, and non-crosslinked secreted env ectodomain (recombinant gp140) were purified by lentil-lectin chromatography and gel filtration as single predominant species [9].

References