Disease relevance of Immunity, Mucosal

• Increased epithelial CB2-receptor expression in human inflammatory bowel disease tissue implies an immunomodulatory role that may impact on mucosal immunity [1].
• However, we demonstrate in this article that mucosal immune responses are evident at multiple mucosal surfaces after parenteral delivery of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles (VRP) [2].
• DNA vaccines encoding human immunodeficiency virus-1 glycoprotein 120 fusions with proinflammatory chemoattractants induce systemic and mucosal immune responses [3].
• These results suggest that a strain of herpes simplex virus type 2 containing a deletion of the thymidine kinase gene will be useful in studying the cellular basis of mucosal immunity in the genital tract [4].
• An adenovirus-simian immunodeficiency virus env vaccine elicits humoral, cellular, and mucosal immune responses in rhesus macaques and decreases viral burden following vaginal challenge [5].

High impact information on Immunity, Mucosal

• This potentially dangerous repertoire is also useful, as B-1 cells are essential for resistance to several pathogens and they play an important role in mucosal immunity [6].
• Despite the well-recognized involvement of immunoglobulin (Ig) A in mucosal immunity, the function of its receptor, FcalphaRI (CD89), is poorly understood [7].
• Nitric oxide in mucosal immunity [8].
• The MHC-class-I-like Fcgamma receptor FcRn recycles immunoglobulin (Ig)G from most cells and transports it bi-directionally across epithelial barriers to affect systemic and mucosal immunity [9].
• Crucial role of the interleukin 1 receptor family member T1/ST2 in T helper cell type 2-mediated lung mucosal immune responses [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Immunity, Mucosal

• Systemic and mucosal immune responses after intranasal administration of recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin expressing glutathione S-transferase from Schistosoma haematobium [11].
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) arises from a dysregulated mucosal immune response to luminal bacteria [12].
• The observations suggest that the E/DP-treated adult mouse should be a useful model for studies of mucosal immunity to vaginal infection by HSV-2 [13].
• In this report, we described induction of HIV envelope (env)-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses by oral vaccination of BALB/c mice with env-encoded plasmid DNA encapsulated in poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) microparticles [14].
• Intranasal immunization with liposome-formulated Yersinia pestis vaccine enhances mucosal immune responses [15].

Biological context of Immunity, Mucosal

• In this study, we examined the effects of murine chemokine DNA, as genetic adjuvants given mucosally, on the systemic and distal mucosal immune responses to plasmid DNA encoding gB of herpes simplex virus (HSV) by using the mouse model [16].
• While initial antigen processing in the gut for a mucosal immune response may require uptake of luminal microorganisms by M cells, this may pose a threat under some circumstances [17].
• Interactions of the integrins alpha(4)beta(7) with its cognate ligand mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) play a crucial role in the development of mucosa-associated lymphoid organs, in the generation of mucosal immune responses, and in diverse pathological processes such as chronic inflammatory bowel disease and type I diabetes [18].
• Cholera toxin (CT) increases intestinal secretion of water and electrolytes and modulates the mucosal immune response by stimulating cellular synthesis of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites (e.g., prostaglandin E2), as well as the intracellular second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) [19].
• The presence and activity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific antibodies were analyzed in the sera of 15 sexually exposed seronegative persons who had systemic HIV-specific cell-mediated immunity and IgA-mediated mucosal immunity and in their HIV-infected partners [20].

Anatomical context of Immunity, Mucosal

• CONCLUSIONS: IFN-gamma directly induces enterocyte resistance against C. parvum infection; this observation may have important consequences for our understanding of the mucosal immune response to invasive pathogens [21].
• These data suggest that SMAD3 has an important role in TGF-beta-mediated regulation of T cell activation and mucosal immunity, and that the loss of these functions is responsible for chronic infection and the lethality of Smad3-null mice [22].
• By interaction with its integrin ligand, alpha 4 beta 7, lymphocytes presumed to be involved in mucosal immunity are selectively recruited to these intestinal sites [23].
• Given the key role of both CD4+CD25+ T regulatory (Treg) cells and the TLR5 ligand flagellin in regulating mucosal immune responses, we investigated whether TLR5 may directly influence T cell function [24].
• The CCR3 binds at least seven different CC chemokines and is expressed on eosinophils, mast cells (MC), and a subset of Th cells (Th2) that generate cytokines implicated in mucosal immune responses [25].

Associations of Immunity, Mucosal with chemical compounds

• We show here that the development of chronic intestinal inflammation in IL-10-deficient mice requires the function of TNF, indicating that the IL-10/TNF axis regulates mucosal immunity [26].
• The beneficial effect of arginine administration alone indicates a possible role of nitric oxide and polyamines in this process, and the lactobacilli may execute their action via the same mechanisms or via bacterial antagonism and/or enhancement of systemic and intestinal mucosal immunity [27].
• We conclude that high oral doses of protein induce both mucosal and systemic unresponsiveness and that use of mucosal adjuvants that induce both parenteral and mucosal immunity may be a better way to assess oral tolerance [28].
• Genetic immunization with lung-targeting macroaggregated polyethyleneimine-albumin conjugates elicits combined systemic and mucosal immune responses [29].
• These data indicate that SIgA can interact with DC not via CD89, but via carbohydrate-recognizing receptors like mannose receptor and suggest that uptake of SIgA-containing immune complexes by immature DC may be a mechanism to modulate mucosal immune responses [30].

Gene context of Immunity, Mucosal

• We also show that an early IL-4 response is required for the induction of mucosal immunity by oral QS-21 as adjuvant [31].
• We have examined the in vivo effects of blocking B7-1 and/or B7-2 ligand interactions on the type 2 mucosal immune response that follows oral infection of mice with the nematode parasite, Heligmosomoides polygyrus [32].
• CCL28 has dual roles in mucosal immunity as a chemokine with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity [33].
• To better understand the effect of viral chemokines on mucosal immunity, we compared the affects of vMIP-II, I-309, and TCA-3 on cellular and humoral immune responses after nasal immunization with OVA [34].
• In one group, ribavirin inhibited the expression of the RSV-inducible CC chemokines MIP-1 alpha and -1 beta, which are important in RSV-induced pulmonary pathology, and interferon (IFN), a cytokine important in the mucosal immune response [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Immunity, Mucosal

• Enteral feeding preserves mucosal immunity despite in vivo MAdCAM-1 blockade of lymphocyte homing [36].
• Systemic and mucosal immune responses in young children and adults after parenteral influenza vaccination [37].
• This study examines the role of combined parenteral and oral immunizations to enhance the early mucosal immune response to an enteropathogen [38].
• Oral administration of this vaccine, alone or in combination with parenteral boosting, resulted in no significant humoral, cellular, or mucosal immune responses [39].
• Surface-modified dl-lactide/glycolide copolymer (PLGA) microspheres with chitosan (CS) were developed for nasal immunization using recombinant Hepatitis B (HBsAg) surface protein for the induction of humoral, cellular and mucosal immunity [40].

References