Disease relevance of NEUROG1

• All of the tumors that presented with distant metastases expressed NEUROD3 [1].
• Expression of neurogenic basic helix-loop-helix genes in primitive neuroectodermal tumors [1].
• These results indicate that the Ngn1 plays an important role in differentiation of neuroblastoma cells and the C terminus of Ngn1 is essential for the efficient differentiation [2].
• Serum antibody reactive with human stratum corneum found in patients with psoriatic arthritis was shown to be different from AKA [3].
• RESULTS: From August 1997 through March 2002, 154 patients (130 men; median age, 62 years) underwent 172 major amputations, 78 AKA and 94 BKA, because of either critical limb ischemia (87%) or diabetic neuropathy (13%) [4].

Psychiatry related information on NEUROG1

• Autism AKA communication disorder [5].
• Increased age (p < .001), cerebrovascular disease (p < .001), dementia (p = .002), and AKA (p < .001) were associated with failure to fit [6].

High impact information on NEUROG1

• Thus, two distinct mechanisms are involved in the activation and suppression of gene expression during cell-fate specification by neurogenin [7].
• We find that in addition to inducing neurogenesis, the bHLH transcription factor neurogenin (Ngn1) inhibits the differentiation of neural stem cells into astrocytes [7].
• A new study in zebrafish, supported by recent findings in Drosophila, has now challenged this idea by demonstrating that the activity of Neurogenin 1 is limited to activation of development of two classes of sensory neurons [8].
• Rabbit antiserum to human keratin did not inhibit the reaction of AKA against the keratin layer of rat esophagus [3].
• There was no relationship between the frequency of AKA and the occurrence of other serum autoantibodies such as antibodies to intermediate filaments, smooth muscle, and nuclear antigens [3].

Chemical compound and disease context of NEUROG1

• AKA is an acute metabolic disorder that occurs in ethanol abusers who have usually had a recent binge and who, because of gastritis or another intercurrent illness, stop eating and drinking and often vomit repeatedly [9].

Biological context of NEUROG1

• NEUROD3 maps to human chromosome 5q23-q31 and mouse chromosome 13 [10].
• To investigate the expression of Ngn1, expression vectors for the full-length and the C- terminal deletion mutant of Ngn1 were constructed and their transactivation potential was verified using reporter gene containing the E-box sequence [2].
• At the earliest gestational age examined (gestational week 16), signals for all three homologues could be identified but that for NeuroD3 was most intense [11].
• Sox1 also promotes exit of cells from cell cycle and up-regulates transcription of the proneural bHLH transcription factor neurogenin 1 (ngn1) [12].
• In the developing nervous system, Id2 (inhibitor of DNA binding 2, also known as inhibitor of differentiation 2) enhances cell proliferation, promotes tumour progression and inhibits the activity of neurogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors [13].

Anatomical context of NEUROG1

• Overexpression of the full-length Ngn1 induced neurite outgrowth in F11 cells in the absence of cAMP [2].
• In this study, we investigated the neurogenic potential of Ngn1 using neuroblastoma cell line, F11, which could be induced to differentiate into neurons in the presence of cAMP [2].
• Here, we show that recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) significantly increased Akt activity and Ngn1 mRNA levels in neural progenitor cells derived from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of adult rat, which was coincident with increases of neural progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and neurite outgrowth [14].
• Proneuronal basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, neurogenin 1 (Ngn1), regulates neuronal differentiation during development of the cerebral cortex [14].
• Lower extremity amputation may be performed with an overall acceptably low mortality rate, which for our series is 0.9% for 113 below-knee amputation (BKA) and 2.8% for 140 AKA levels [15].

Associations of NEUROG1 with chemical compounds

• Inhibition of Akt activity by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) inhibitor, LY294002, abolished rhEPO-increased Ngn1 mRNA levels and the effects of rhEPO on neural progenitor cells [14].
• A 25-residue, alanine-rich, helical peptide [Ac-(AAAAK)(4)-AAAAY-NH(2) (AKA)] and its two leucine variants [Ac-LLLLK-(AAAAK)(3)-AAAAY-NH(2) (LKA) and Ac-(AAAAK)(4)-LLLLY-NH(2) (AKL)] were characterized by infrared (IR) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopies [16].
• The latex test detected autoAb in 46% of patients, RF-IgM was detected in 51%, RF-IgA in 36%, RF-IgG in 32%, AKA in 33%, APF in 45%, ACRFA in 45%, ACAST-C27 in 14%, ACAST-DI in 5%, anti-Sa in 22%, ACL in 3%, ANCA in 28%, aANX V in 9% and anti-Ro in 2% [17].
• DETA-NONOate selectively increased Neurogenin 1 and decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein mRNA expression in retired breeder neurospheres [18].
• In particular, we reported for the first time that RA treatment was followed by a modulation of endogenous Ngn1 and Math1 transcripts [19].

Other interactions of NEUROG1

• NEUROD2 and NEUROD3 genes map to human chromosomes 17q12 and 5q23-q31 and mouse chromosomes 11 and 13, respectively [10].
• By contrast, atonal-related bHLHs, represented by Ngn1, Ngn2 and NeuroD, repressed Nurr1-induced expression of DA neuronal markers [20].
• Neurogenin 1 mediates erythropoietin enhanced differentiation of adult neural progenitor cells [14].
• Hes genes antagonize the activator-type bHLH genes, which include Mash1, Math and Neurogenin [21].
• Polymorphisms in the neurogenin 3 gene (NEUROG) and their relation to altered insulin secretion and diabetes in the Danish Caucasian population [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of NEUROG1

• In cortical progenitor cell cultures, the proneural basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Ngn1 suppresses formation of astrocytes by sequestering coactivator proteins that are required by signal transducers and activators of transcription for the expression of astrocyte-specific genes [23].
• Main outcome variables included operative mortality, follow-up, survival, median time to incision healing, secondary operative procedures for wound management, and conversion from below-knee amputation (BKA) to above-knee amputation (AKA) [4].
• CONCLUSION--This immunoblotting assay which is the first immunochemical method proposed for the detection of 'AKA, should be validated on larger series of patients but can already be considered as a very powerful test for the serological diagnosis of RA [24].
• AFA can be detected by indirect immunofluorescence (anti-keratin antibodies, AKA) or by new enzyme immunoassays (EIA) [25].
• For a diagnostic specificity of 99%, the diagnostic sensitivities of the detection of the A and B proteins were 50% and 43.2%, respectively, when those of the detection of 'AKA' by IIF and of IgM-rheumatoid factor by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were 42% and 54%, respectively [24].

References