Disease relevance of CD1C

• Molecular studies have shown that CD1 proteins present self and foreign lipid Ags to T cells, but the possible roles of CD1 in human autoimmune diseases in vivo are not known, especially for the group 1 CD1 isoforms (CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c) [1].
• The targeting of CD1-restricted T cells and large numbers of CD1-expressing APCs to the thyroid gland during the early stages of autoimmune thyroiditis suggests a possible effector function of CD1-restricted T cells in tissue destruction and point to a new model of organ-specific autoimmune disease involving lipid Ag presentation [1].
• To investigate the hypothesis that CD1-restricted T cells might be activated and home to target tissues involved in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, we performed ex vivo analysis of lymphocytes from peripheral blood and autoinflammatory lesions of thyroid tissue [1].
• Expression profiling of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia suggests deficient CD1-mediated immunity, polarized cytokine response, altered adhesion and increased intracellular protein transport and processing of leukemic cells [2].
• The CD1c antigen recognized by the M241 monoclonal antibody was detected on the circulating mononuclear cells of three children with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) [3].

High impact information on CD1C

• The discovery of the CD1 antigen presentation pathway has expanded the spectrum of T-cell antigens to include lipids, but the range of natural lipid antigens and functions of CD1-restricted T cells in vivo remain poorly understood [4].
• Like TL, CD1 are expressed on cortical thymocytes as well as on some lymphoid neoplasias, and resemble in structure major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens [5].
• A molecular genetic approach is needed to investigate the CD1 system, to clarify its relationship to TL antigens and to understand its regulation [5].
• Thymocyte antigens CD1 [Thy,gp45,12] are thought to be the human counterparts of mouse thymus leukaemia (TL) antigens [5].
• CD1 proteins bind to certain antigens using high stringency loading reactions within endosomes that involve low pH, glycosidases, and lipid transfer proteins [6].

Chemical compound and disease context of CD1C

• CD1 Antigen Presentation by Human Dendritic Cells as a Target for Herpes Simplex Virus Immune Evasion [7].
• Here, we show that immunization with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), the commonly used anti-tuberculosis vaccine, induces activation of guinea pig cytotoxic T cells recognizing BCG lipids in the context of CD1 molecules [8].
• 1 In Charles River CD1 mice, a single dose of 100 mg kg-1 caffeine injected intraperitoneally on day 14 of pregnancy caused a low incidence of cleft palate in the fetuses [9].

Biological context of CD1C

• The sheep sequences were selected from lambdagt11 thymocyte cDNA libraries by hybridization with a human CD1C probe and a homologous sheep probe [10].
• Analysis of the genomic structure of the porcine CD1 gene cluster [11].
• Immature myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) express only low levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II but express high levels of CD1 a, b, and c antigen-presenting molecules at the cell surface [12].
• Of particular interest is the fact that the negative effect on CD1 1a expression generates an asynchronous phenotype in APL (CD11a-, CD11b+, CD15+), undetectable on normal maturing myeloid cells [13].
• There are five closely linked CD1 genes in humans located in chromosome 1 (named CD1A, B, C, D, and E) all showing limited polymorphism in exon 2 which codifies for the alpha1 domain of CD1 molecules [14].

Anatomical context of CD1C

• The CD1C transcripts predict the expression of a secreted CD1c isoform in the human thymus, which we detect in CD1C transfectant culture supernatants [15].
• CD1 is an MHC class I-like protein that presents lipid antigens to T cell receptors [11].
• CD1-mediated gamma/delta T cell maturation of dendritic cells [12].
• CD1-restricted gamma/delta T cell recognition of immature DCs provides the human immune system with the capacity to rapidly generate a pool of mature DCs early during microbial invasion [12].
• Immunofluorescence analysis identified two types of CD1-expressing APCs in inflamed thyroid tissues [1].

Associations of CD1C with chemical compounds

• Importantly, immature DCs matured in the presence of lipopolysaccharide and CD1-restricted gamma/delta T cells produced bioactive interleukin-12p70 [12].
• RESULTS: The D-ala2-glucagon-like peptide-1-microspheres lowered the glycaemic response to the 4 h oral glucose challenge in both normal CD1 and diabetic db/db mice, by 41 +/- 12% (p <0.001) and 27 +/- 5% (p < 0.001), respectively and by 19 +/- 11% (p < 0.05) and 28 +/- 4% (p < 0.001), respectively during the 8-h test [16].
• Immunological evaluation of the three sulfated compounds in CD1a-mediated T cell activation, in comparison with natural sulfatide, provided evidence of the influence of the sulfate position in the recognition event between the antigen, the CD1 protein and the T cell receptor [17].
• All of the Gbp mutants showed lower levels of dextran binding, while the sucrose-dependent adhesion levels of AD1 and CD1 were lower than in the parental strain [18].

Other interactions of CD1C

• Although in the case of CD1A only the transcript encoding the cell surface CD1a isoform is found, CD1C and -E produce complex intrathymic splicing patterns [15].
• The expression of other differentiation molecules was unaffected, except for CD1, CD4, and CD5, which were either decreased or absent in most of these mutants [19].
• CD1 and CD8 antigens were not expressed on the proliferative TLC [20].
• In the majority of preterm infants born during the 25th and 26th week of gestation, PBL included higher percentages of cells bearing an immature/activated surface phenotype characterized by the presence of CD1, CD38, and CD71 surface antigens than in term newborns [21].
• In 2 from 3 T-ALL cases the loss of CD1 and CD2 markers, respectively, was noticed at relapse [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CD1C

• The RT-PCR analysis of the alpha3- and 3'-untranslated regions of CD1C showed that phytohemagglutinin (PHA) activation induced expression of transcripts that encode the three isoforms (soluble, membrane, and cytoplasmic/soluble) [23].
• Furthermore, adoptive transfer of hepatic mononuclear cells from wild-type mice, but not from CD1-deficient mice, sensitized gld mice to Con A-induced hepatitis [24].

References