Disease relevance of Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal

• Baclofen in trigeminal neuralgia: its effect on the spinal trigeminal nucleus: a pilot study [1].
• We analysed the effects of morphine microinjections (0.2 microliter) into the subnucleus oralis (SNO), i.e. the rostral division of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, on the formalin test adapted for orofacial pain [2].

High impact information on Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal

• We have investigated the regulation of strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor channels by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in neurons isolated from spinal trigeminal nucleus of rat and report here that the protein kinase A dramatically increased the glycine-induced Cl- currents by increasing the probability of the channel openings [3].
• The present immunohistochemical-anatomical findings support the hypothesis that stimulation-produced analgesia is related to activation of spinal and spinal trigeminal enkephalin interneurons forming axo-axonic synapses with (substance P?) pain afferents in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn and the spinal trigeminal nucleus [4].
• Lesion experiments suggest that Met-enkephalin neurons in the dorsal horn and possibly in the spinal trigeminal nucleus are interneurons or propriospinal neurons with nerve terminals in the laminae I and II of the cord and in the superficial layers of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, respectively [4].
• The present study investigates the effects of morphine microinjection into the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C) or the spinal trigeminal nucleus oralis (Sp5O) on C-fiber-evoked activities of Sp5O convergent neurons, after supramaximal percutaneous electrical stimulation in halothane-anesthetized rats [5].
• EPSPs mediated by glutamate were evoked by stimulating the spinal trigeminal tract, which contains the primary afferent fibers that synapse in the spinal trigeminal nucleus [6].

Biological context of Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal

• Experiments with cats showed that baclofen resembles carbamazepine and phenytoin sodium in its ability to depress excitatory synaptic transmission in the spinal trigeminal nucleus [1].
• Second, on postnatal day 0, iloprost binding sites have already been expressed in large amounts in the nucleus tractus solitarius, spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis and dorsal horn of rats, while prostaglandin E2 binding sites are negligible at this stage [7].
• Differential distribution of Fos-like immunoreactivity in the spinal trigeminal nucleus after noxious and innocuous thermal and chemical stimulation of rat cornea [8].

Anatomical context of Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal

• This study examined the cellular actions of the anti-migraine drug sumatriptan, on neurons in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal trigeminal nucleus pars caudalis [9].
• An involvement of substance P (SP) containing neurons of the Gasserian ganglion and/or of the spinal trigeminal nucleus has recently been suggested, e.g., by impairment of inhibitory descending pathways on trigeminal nociceptive neurons [10].
• An increased expression of GABA transporters in the carrageenan-injected spinal trigeminal nucleus could therefore result in a faster removal of GABA from the synaptic cleft of GABAergic axon terminals compared to normal rats [11].
• Morphine and NMDA receptor antagonism reduce c-fos expression in spinal trigeminal nucleus produced by acute injury to the TMJ region [12].
• The initial processing of corneal sensory input in the rat occurs in two distinct regions of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, at the subnucleus interpolaris/caudalis transition (Vi/Vc) and in laminae I-II at the subnucleus caudalis/spinal cord transition (Vc/C1) [13].

Associations of Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal with chemical compounds

• Valproate and ethosuximide also decreased the periventricular inhibition of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, indicating that antiabsence drug depress subcortical inhibitory pathways as well as pathways of cortical origin [14].
• Increased expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid transporters GAT-1 and GAT-3 in the spinal trigeminal nucleus after facial carrageenan injections [11].
• To determine if excitatory amino acids have a role in TMJ-induced responses, extracellular concentrations were measured in microdialysate samples from probes positioned in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Vsp) near the transition region between subnucleus interpolaris and subnucleus caudalis (Vi/Vc) in chloralose-anesthetized rats [15].
• In the present study, the cannabinoid CB1/CB2 receptor agonist, WIN 55,212-2 (WIN), was bath applied to the brainstem while activity of spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Vc) neurons evoked by transcutaneous electrical stimulation was recorded in isoflurane anesthetized rats [16].
• Association of serotonin-like immunoreactive axons with nociceptive projection neurons in the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus of the rat [17].

Gene context of Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal

• In addition to the cerebellum, strong to medium ROR alpha immunoreactivity was found in the thalamus, cerebral cortex (mainly in the layer IV), dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), superior colliculus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, and retina [18].
• Binding at AT1 receptor rich tissues studied (renal medulla, renal cortex, anterior pituitary, ventral hippocampus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, and nucleus of the solitary tract) shows a first order exponential decay pattern [19].
• In both species, CCK mRNA was present in the spinal trigeminal nucleus and in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, in numerous small cells located in the outer laminae (mainly II-IV), and in the rat was also found in large cells in laminae IV and V [20].
• Local application of the cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN 55,212-2, to spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis differentially affects nociceptive and non-nociceptive neurons [16].
• Other discrete areas of the CNS are enriched with somatostatin receptors: locus coeruleus, tuberal nuclei of the hypothalamus, claustum, tuberculum olfactorium as well as spinal trigeminal nucleus and substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal

• Electron microscopy of immunoreactivity patterns for glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid in synaptic glomeruli of the feline spinal trigeminal nucleus (Subnucleus Caudalis) [22].
• This study investigated the immunohistochemical responses of microglia in the caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus for up to 60 days after subcutaneous injection of formalin into the lateral faces of Wistar rats [23].
• Adrenalectomy enhances Fos-like immunoreactivity within the spinal trigeminal nucleus induced by noxious thermal stimulation of the cornea [24].
• Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was investigated in synaptic areas of the cat spinal trigeminal nucleus (pars interpolaris and pars caudalis) ipsilateral and contralateral to complete retrogasserian rhizotomy [25].
• Employing a combination of fluorescent retrograde double labeling and immunofluorescence histochemistry for substance P receptor (SPR), we examined the collateral projection from single SPR-like immunoreactive neurons in the medullary dorsal horn (caudal subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal nucleus) to bilateral parabrachial nuclei in the rat [26].

References