Disease relevance of Difenin

• Dilantin and the fragile X syndrome [1].
• In a previous study it has been shown that sodium diphenyl hydantoinate is effective in preventing electrically induced convulsive seizures in cats [2].
• The initial treatment of trigeminal neuralgia is accomplished with drugs, primarily carbamazepine and occasionally phenytoin sodium [3].
• The treatment of status epilepticus can be improved by using recent developments in the pharmacokinetics and method of intravenous (IV) administration of phenytoin sodium [4].
• Four patients were receiving phenytoin sodium for therapeutic purposes; three received one dose each intravenously to quantitate its disposition in uremia [5].

Psychiatry related information on Difenin

• ACC-9653 and phenytoin sodium have equivalent anticonvulsant activity against seizures induced by maximal electroshock (MES) in mice following i.p., oral, or i.v. administration [6].
• Facilitation of opiate- and enkephalin-induced motor activity in the mouse by phenytoin sodium and carbamazepine [7].
• Dilantin toxicity in a preterm infant: persistent bradycardia and lethargy [8].
• CONCLUSIONS: The symptoms of some cases of idiopathic olfactory hallucination may be controlled by sodium valproate or phenytoin sodium [9].
• Specificity of treatment effects for learning disabilities in a boy prenatally exposed to dilantin [10].

High impact information on Difenin

• Intravenous phenytoin sodium was given as a high-dose infusion (10 X 8-18 mg/kg) for anticonvulsive prophylaxis to 2 eclamptic patients and to 24 patients with moderate to severe pre-eclampsia [11].
• Acute pulmonary disease may occur as part of the hypersensitivity angitis produced by phenytoin sodium [12].
• Cholestasis and toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with phenytoin sodium ingestion: the role of bile duct injury [13].
• Dilantin toxicity: miliary pulmonary infiltrates and hypoxemia [14].
• Letter: Dilantin, agranulocytosis, and phagocytic marrow histiocytes [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Difenin

• Diphenylhydantoin (dilantin) gingival hyperplasia: drug-induced abnormality of connective tissue [16].
• However, there was a difference between the amount of estrogen binding sites per mg protein in normal tissue compared to gingiva with dilantin hyperplasia [17].
• Cataracts developed in two young adults who were receiving prolonged antiepileptic treatment with phenobarbital sodium and phenytoin sodium [18].
• Factors documented to be significant in its development include nonspecific stress to primary illnesses, hyperosmolar tube feedings, dehydration, diabetes and mannitol, Dilantin, or steroid administration [19].
• Due to the increase in tonic-clonic seizures after the initiation of folic acid (1 mg, orally) the sodium phenytoin dosage was increased by 130 mg until control was achieved [20].

Biological context of Difenin

• The dilantin binding site is distinct from the Vinca binding site, and these independent binding modes account for the additive effects in vitro [21].
• The authors examined the effect of food on the bioavailability of Dilantin Kapseals in a nonblinded, single 100-mg dose, randomized, crossover trial [22].
• The pharmacokinetic profile of a newly developed Dilantin 300-mg Kapseal formulation was compared with that of currently marketed Dilantin 100-mg Kapseals in both a 300-mg single-dose bioequivalence study in nine healthy volunteers and a once-daily 300-mg multiple-dose study in 18 patients with seizures [23].
• ALADDIN: an integrated tool for computer-assisted molecular design and pharmacophore recognition from geometric, steric, and substructure searching of three-dimensional molecular structures [24].
• The ACC-9653 and phenytoin sodium treatments produced similar marked reductions in diastolic blood pressure and contractile force (LVdP/dt) [6].

Anatomical context of Difenin

• Separate from its antiseizure activity, dilantin interferes with microtubule protein polymerization [21].
• Ionic basis of phenytoin sodium inhibition of insulin secretion in pancreatic islets [25].
• Phenytoin sodium has been associated with the formation of altered T lymphocyte rosettes in vitro [26].
• Human gingival fibroblast cell lines were initiated in flask cultures from four periodontal patients with the diagnoses of periodontitis (two patients), fibromatosis, and Dilantin hyperplasia [27].
• Using 16 human gingival fibroblasts cell lines from patients with periodontitis, Dilantin hyperplasia, and nonpathological gingiva, a microscopic assay was developed to quantitate the cells' ability to lyse collagen substrates [28].

Associations of Difenin with other chemical compounds

• The stress-induced CA3 apical dendritic atrophy in subordinates was prevented by administering daily oral doses of the antiepileptic drug phenytoin (Dilantin, Sigma, St. Louis, MO) (200 mg/kg), which interferes with excitatory amino acid (EAA) action [29].
• We quantitatively examined the effect of dilantin on bulk microtubule formation and found that the drug raises the critical concentration for microtubule polymerization in 2 M glycerol identically in the presence or absence of vinblastine [21].
• The effects of bihourly administration of gluconate calcium and tow magnesium-aluminum-containing acids on the bioavailability of a single capsule dose of phenytoin sodium were determined in two normal volunteers [30].
• INTERVENTIONS: Approximately half of the subjects were administered phenytoin sodium for some period after termination of coma; 17% were administered dexamethasone and 41% morphine sulfate [31].
• 4. None of the standard anticonvulsant drugs, phenobarbitone, phenytoin, sodium valproate, carbamazepine, diazepam and ethosuximide, or the newer anticonvulsants, lamotrigine, vigabatrin, gabapentin and levetiracetam, showed any affinity for the [3H]-SB-204269 binding site [32].

Gene context of Difenin

• Immunohistochemistry studies of gingival overgrowth tissue samples indicate for the first time detectable levels of CTGF protein in Dilantin-induced hyperplasia tissues also positive for TGF-beta1 [33].
• Dilantin is primarily metabolized by CYP2C9, and secondarily metabolized by CYP2C19 [34].
• After institution of phenytoin sodium therapy, the attacks of PKC subsided and the SNW amplitude came within the range of control values [35].
• From it came their own major discovery, Dilantin, which, in Rowland's words, remains "a mainstay of treatment" for epilepsy up to the present time, and which "opened the way to the development of other anticonvulsant drugs."[36]
• Pretreatment of the rats with intraventricularly administered oxytocin, beta-MSH, or systemically administered Dilantin prevented the vasopressin-induced seizures [37].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Difenin

• Fourteen obese subjects (mean body weight, 124 kg; percent of ideal body weight [IBW], 178%) and ten control subjects of normal body habitus (mean body weight, 67 kg; 92% IBW) received 300 mg of phenytoin sodium by ten-minute intravenous infusion [38].
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome and epidermal necrolysis after administration of sodium phenytoin with cranial irradiation [39].
• The metabolism of sodium phenytoin (PHT) in the cat was studied by gas-liquid chromatographic analyses of the drug and its metabolites extracted from plasma, urine, and feces during a 5-month course of daily oral administration [40].
• 1 Patients with poorly controlled epilepsy were cautiously transferred from multiple drug therapy to treatment with phenytoin sodium alone [41].
• Plasma compatibility of injectables: comparison of intravenous U-74006F, a 21-aminosteroid antioxidant, with Dilantin brand of parenteral phenytoin [42].

References