Disease relevance of Stimulation, Chemical

• This study compared the effects of pharmacological inhibition of PKC with either GF 109203X or chelerythrine on persistent pain following noxious chemical stimulation with its effects on mechanical hyperalgesia, which develops in the hindpaw contralateral to an injury produced by noxious thermal stimulation [1].
• When tachycardia was induced by chemical stimulation of nicotinic (DMPP), muscarinic (McN-A-343-11) or histamine receptors in the stellate ganglia, opiates were still active in reducing the effect of these chemicals [2].
• The role of GABA in dyskinesias induced by chemical stimulation of the striatum [3].
• Furthermore, the picrotoxin-induced locomotor hyperactivity, hypertension and increased amygdaloid dopamine release were all suppressed following chemical stimulation of the PRN with kainic acid [4].
• To distinguish between a possible role for Nav1.8 in ongoing activity per se and ongoing activity after sensitization in the absence of additional stimuli, we tried a visceral model of tonic noxious chemical stimulation, cyclophosphamide cystitis [5].

Psychiatry related information on Stimulation, Chemical

• Effects of chemical stimulation of the mesolimbic dopamine system upon locomotor activity [6].

High impact information on Stimulation, Chemical

• 0. Local irrigation of HP by 2% xylocaine and intravenous infusion of atropine (100 mug per kg per hr) or metiamide (2.9 mg per kg per hr) reduced but did not abolish HP response to chemical stimulation and the pH dependency of this response [7].
• The early treatment results suggest that triptan action provides a powerful means of preventing the initiation of central sensitization triggered by chemical stimulation of meningeal nociceptors [8].
• Moreover, electrical or chemical stimulation of inhibitory neurons did not evoke slow IPSPs in adult wv/wv mice [9].
• These results provide evidence that the activation of PKC contributes to the development of central sensitization in dorsal horn neurons produced by chemical stimulation with capsaicin [10].
• Focal electrical or chemical stimulation of MPO in anesthetized rats induced extensive Fos expression within the PAG compared with sham controls [11].

Biological context of Stimulation, Chemical

• 4. Chemical lesions placed in these regions of the NTS by microinjecting kainic acid were found to attenuate both the heart rate and arterial blood pressure responses elicited from sites in the medial and lateral PBN using either electrical or chemical stimulation [12].
• 1. In pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats, we evaluated changes in cortical evoked potentials (EPs) associated with electrical and chemical stimulation of nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) [13].
• Extracellular action potentials were recorded from 109 taste-responsive cells in the NST of urethan-anesthetized hamsters and analyzed for a change in excitability following electrical and chemical stimulation of the CeA [14].
• In conclusion, we have demonstrated that chemical stimulation with capsaicin as well as antidromic stimulation of nasal sensory nerves in sympathectomized animals induces both vasodilation and overflow of CGRP-LI in vivo [15].
• Lesion of the area postrema abolishes the ability of circulating vasopressin to modulate arterial baroreflex and cardiopulmonary reflex function and electrical or chemical stimulation of this circumventricular organ mimics the effects of vasopressin [16].

Anatomical context of Stimulation, Chemical

• Relaxations induced by electrical and chemical stimulation of vasodilator nerves innervating cerebral arteries appear to be elicited by a mechanism dependent on cellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP), like that underlying the substance-P-induced and nitroglycerin-induced relaxation [17].
• Hippocampal dopamine receptors modulate the motor activation and the increase in dopamine levels in the rat nucleus accumbens evoked by chemical stimulation of the ventral hippocampus [18].
• The effects of electrical and chemical stimulations of the hypothalamus on the plasma levels of glucagon, insulin, and glucose were studied in undisturbed and free-moving rabbits [19].
• The effects of electrical and chemical stimulation of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH) on the tail flick latency (TFL) and paw pressure withdrawal threshold (PWT) were investigated in the lightly pentobarbital-anesthetized and acutely prepared rat [20].
• 1. The effects of electrical and chemical stimulation in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) on spinal nociceptive transmission were examined in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized, paralyzed rats [21].

Associations of Stimulation, Chemical with chemical compounds

• We have studied the responses to electrical and chemical stimulation of the ventrolateral medulla in the chloralose-anesthetized, paralyzed, artificially ventilated rat [22].
• Chemical stimulation of nonischemic ipsilateral cortex by potassium chloride application (KCl group; n = 7) and saline (NaCl group; n = 5) was performed at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes following MCAO, and SD was detected electrophysiologically [23].
• These results further corroborate some of the previous suggestions based on neurotoxic lesion, chemical stimulation and electrophysiological recordings [24].
• Activity evoked by intracardiac injection of bradykinin was decreased by dorsal column stimulation in six of seven neurons that responded to chemical stimulation of afferents [25].
• Salivary flow rates by mechanical stimulation with forced spitting method and by chemical stimulation with 10% citric acid were determined in 25 healthy adult subjects with a history of chronic tobacco-betel-lime "quid" chewing and in 25 healthy control adults with no history of chewing [26].

Gene context of Stimulation, Chemical

• Expression of the CREB antagonist KCREB blocked the response of the chromogranin A promoter to nicotine, cAMP, or MAPK pathway activation by either chemical stimulation or cotransfection of active cascade components [27].
• Here, we have further examined the role of NK1 receptors in pain and hyperalgesia by comparing nociceptive responses to mechanical and chemical stimulation of viscera and the resulting hyperalgesia and inflammation in NK1 knockout (-/-) and wild-type (+/+) mice [28].
• Thus, sensory neurons from mice with a heterozygous mutation of the Nf1 gene that is analogous to the human disease neurofibromatosis type I, exhibit increased sensitivity to chemical stimulation [29].
• Morphine, 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists reduce c-fos expression in the trigeminal nuclear complex following noxious chemical stimulation of the rat nasal mucosa [30].
• This work showed that chemical stimulations with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha induced the ICAM-1 expression of ECs differently depending largely on the film architecture employed [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Stimulation, Chemical

• 5. Electrical stimulation or chemical stimulation by glutamate of regions of the ventrolateral cerebellum produced little change in respiratory neural activities except when these stimulations were within the infracerebellar nucleus [32].
• General anesthesia greatly inhibits the pressor reflexes and potentiates the depressor responses (to bradykinin and K ions) but does not appear to be a necessary condition for provoking depressor reflexes by chemical stimulation of somatic afferents [33].
• Chemical stimulation of 21 of 82 sites with microinjections of DL-homocysteic acid (83 nl, 0.2 and 0.5 M), which stimulates cell bodies but not fibers of passage, also decreased TLR from 8.3 +/- 0.5 to 7.3 +/- 0.5 cmH2O.l-1.s (P less than 0.03) [34].
• Fast cyclic voltammetry at a carbon fibre microelectrode was used to measure 5-HT signals following electrical or chemical stimulation in rat substantia nigra pars reticulata slices [35].
• (1) An analysis of the efficiency of ICSI with or without chemical stimulation (5 microM ionomycin for 5 min and 2 mM 6-DMAP for 4 h) [36].

References