Disease relevance of Hypersplenism

• Radioembolization of the spleen with yttrium-90 was performed in a patient with severe thrombocytopenia attributable to congestive hypersplenism [1].
• After discontinuation of azathioprine the symptoms and the extent of sinusoidal dilatation disappeared gradually, but after 1-3 years fibrosis or micronodular cirrhosis had developed and splenomegaly with hypersplenism remained [2].
• The frequency of ischaemic heart disease observed after splenectomy for trauma and the low cholesterol levels found in patients with hypersplenism are observations that suggest a possible role for the spleen in lipid metabolism and in the aetiology of atherosclerosis [3].
• Could serum haptoglobin concentration be used as a marker of hypersplenism in chronic liver disease [4]?
• Partial splenic embolization decreases the serum bilirubin level in patients with hypersplenism following the Kasai procedure for biliary atresia [5].

High impact information on Hypersplenism

• The findings provide further insight into mechanisms of hypersplenism, suggest that the big spleen of hypersplenism mimics the contractile reservoir function of the spleen of certain animals, and point out that the "marginal" granulocyte pool mobilized by epinephrine is not randomly distributed throughout the body [6].
• METHODS: Two hundred and four patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhotic hypersplenism were divided non-randomly into two groups [7].
• BACKGROUND: Hypersplenism secondary to portal hypertension is common in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but surgeons still face the unresolved problem of how to manage HCC patients with hypersplenism [8].
• Portal vein thrombosis may be a fatal complication after synchronous splenectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and hypersplenism [9].
• BACKGROUND: Portal hypertension is frequently associated with secondary hypersplenism, two common clinical manifestations of which are leukopenia and thrombocytopenia [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Hypersplenism

• Ultrasound-guided percutaneous injection of ethanolamine oleate for hypersplenism. An experimental study in dogs [11].
• Erythrocyte creatine as a marker of excessive erythrocyte destruction due to hypersplenism in patients with liver cirrhosis [12].
• METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the safety and rate of sustained virological response (SVR) after a full-dose course of peg-IFN plus ribavirin in eight HCV cirrhotic patients with severe hypersplenism undergoing PSE at a tertiary centre in Madrid, Spain, from May 2002 to August 2004 [13].
• Splenectomy permitted the implementation of Aza therapy in one patient who previously was not a candidate because of hypersplenism and allowed uncomplicated Aza therapy in four patients who became severely leukopenic during previous Aza trials [14].
• Patients with end-stage renal disease who develop hypersplenism, patients with mild neutropenia, and those patients whose WBC fails to increase in response to cortisol administration will develop significant neutropenia following transplantation with routine doses of azathioprine [15].

Biological context of Hypersplenism

• The increased titre of erythropoietin and enhanced utilization of radioiron by red cells in rats with hypersplenism were found to be due to haemolytic anaemia leading to the stimulation of erythropoiesis [16].

Anatomical context of Hypersplenism

• Mutation analysis in patients with the classical Tangier disease (TD), a monogenetic disorder characterized by hypersplenism, macrophage accumulation and deposition of cholesteryl esters in the reticuloendothelial system, low plasma HDL and premature atherosclerosis, revealed deleterious mutations in their ABCA1 gene [17].
• BACKGROUND: Selective arterial embolisation and splenic artery ligation (SAL) are used in the treatment of secondary hypersplenism in some medical centres but these methods are not common [18].

Gene context of Hypersplenism

• We describe the case of a 29-year-old woman with a clinical history of tuberous sclerosis who also had severe hypoxaemia, multifocal hamartoma-like lesions of various extrapulmonary organs, massive hypersplenism and coagulation defects [19].
• The level of platelet calmodulin was higher in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), systemic lupus erythematosus, myeloproliferative disorders, acute leukemia in a recovery phase, aplastic anemia, thrombosis and hypersplenism as compared to the controls [20].
• Erythropoietin formation in rats with experimental hypersplenism [16].
• Partial splenectomy is a promising therapeutic option for CF patients with hypersplenism [21].
• A significant increase of beta 2-MG was associated with hypersplenism (3.14 +/- 0.6 mg/l) [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Hypersplenism

• METHODS: Six cirrhotic patients with HCC and hypersplenism received a partial hepatectomy after first undergoing a laparoscopic splenectomy [23].
• Four and one-half years posttransplant, her growth improved, cholesterol levels have returned to normal, and she is clinically well except for mild hypersplenism and an elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine [24].
• The effect of intravenous injection of ethyl palmitate emulsion on sequestration of thermally damaged erythrocytes in rats with experimentally induced hypersplenism, and in normal rats [25].

References