Disease relevance of Bromus

• Using an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (replicase) preparation from barley leaves infected with brome mosaic virus (BMV) to synthesize the viral subgenomic RNA in vitro, we now provide evidence that subgenomic RNA arises by internal initiation on the (-)-strand of genomic RNA [1].
• Confirmatory evidence of a dynamics of a protein shell comes from measurements on brome mosaic virus at various degrees of swelling and on tomato bushy stunt virus treated with the crosslinking agent glutaraldehyde [2].
• Previously, we used the ability of the higher eukaryotic positive-strand RNA virus brome mosaic virus (BMV) to replicate in yeast to show that the yeast LSM1 gene is required for recruiting BMV RNA from translation to replication [3].
• Single-stranded genomic RNAs from four icosahedral viruses (poliovirus, turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV), brome mosaic virus (BMV), and satellite tobacco mosaic virus (STMV)) along with the RNA from the helical tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were extracted using phenol/chloroform [4].
• Nucleic acid-binding properties and subcellular localization of the 3a protein of brome mosaic bromovirus [5].

High impact information on Bromus

• We have studied the structure of end-labelled 3'-terminal fragments of turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA and brome mosaic virus RNA 2 with chemical modifications of the adenosine and cytidine residues and with enzymatic digestions using RNase T1, nuclease S1 and the double-strand-specific ribonuclease from cobra venom [6].
• Like the four intact brome mosaic virus RNAs, each fragment accepts tyrosine in a reaction catalyzed by wheat germ aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase [7].
• Yeast Lsm1p-7p/Pat1p deadenylation-dependent mRNA-decapping factors are required for brome mosaic virus genomic RNA translation [3].
• Additional studies indicate that the methyltransferase has a pH optimum of 7.5, does not require divalent cations, is inhibited by S-adenosylhomocysteine, has a Km of 2.0 micrometer for S-adenosylmethionine, a Km of approximately 5 nM for brome mosaic virus RNA, and kinetics consistent with a random bireactant mechanism [8].
• For brome mosaic virus (BMV), both processes occur in virus-induced, membrane-associated compartments, require BMV replication factors 1a and 2a, and use negative-strand RNA3 as a template for genomic RNA3 and sgRNA syntheses [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Bromus

• Putative RNA capping activities encoded by brome mosaic virus: methylation and covalent binding of guanylate by replicase protein 1a [10].
• For the brome mosaic virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), we determined that in reactions performed with limited GTP concentrations, minus-strand RNA synthesis can be stimulated by the inclusion of guanosine monophosphate or specific oligoribonucleotides [11].
• The N-terminal region of the brome mosaic bromovirus (BMV) coat protein (CP) contains an arginine-rich motif that is conserved among plant and nonplant viruses and implicated in binding the RNA during encapsidation [12].
• Based on their polyacrylamide gel migrations, plant virus-associated ubiquitin-immunoreactive proteins were considered to be possible virus structural protein-ubiquitin conjugates of the following viruses: barley stripe mosaic, brome mosaic, cowpea mosaic (two proteins), cowpea severe mosaic (two proteins), and satellite panicum mosaic [13].
• In yeast expressing the RNA replication proteins encoded by brome mosaic virus (BMV), B3URA3, a BMV RNA3 derivative that harbours the 3a cell-to-cell movement protein gene and the yeast uracil biosynthesis gene URA3, was replicated and maintained in 85-95% of progeny at each cell division [14].

Biological context of Bromus

• Abscisic acid (ABA) increases the freezing tolerance of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) cell-suspension cultures at 23 degrees C and elicits many metabolic changes similar to those observed during cold acclimation [15].
• Helicase and capping enzyme active site mutations in brome mosaic virus protein 1a cause defects in template recruitment, negative-strand RNA synthesis, and viral RNA capping [16].
• The effects of ammonia (as NH4Cl) and propionate on the partitioning of amino acids between oxidation and gluconeogenesis were determined in isolated hepatocytes obtained from sheep fed a basal diet (50:50 bromegrass hay:corn; asfed basis) with or without urea [17].
• High stringency southern analysis revealed that 1 to 2 copies of the peroxisomal channel protein (PCP) genes were present in the bromegrass genome [18].
• RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex of Brome mosaic virus: analysis of the molecular structure with monoclonal antibodies [19].

Anatomical context of Bromus

• Identification of sequences in Brome mosaic virus replicase protein 1a that mediate association with endoplasmic reticulum membranes [20].
• OBJECTIVE: To measure pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, and lactate concentrations in stomach contents and determine number and severity of gastric lesions in horses fed bromegrass hay and alfalfa hay-grain diets [21].
• The effects of the aminoglycoside antibiotic paromomycin on the fidelity of translation of the synthetic template poly(U), and two natural mRNAs (rabbit globin mRNA and Brome Mosaic virus RNA), were examined in an mRNA-dependent cell-free system from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae [22].
• All calves were cannulated in the rumen and duodenum and given ad libitum access to chopped brome hay (Bromus inermus L; 7.43% CP, 40.96% ADF, and 63.99% NDF; DM basis) [23].

Associations of Bromus with chemical compounds

• Abscisic acid-induced heat tolerance in Bromus inermis Leyss cell-suspension cultures. Heat-stable, abscisic acid-responsive polypeptides in combination with sucrose confer enhanced thermostability [24].
• The RNAs of brome mosaic (BMV), barley stripe mosaic (BSMV), and tobacco mosaic (TMV) viruses were inactivated by reaction with buffered glutaraldehyde [25].
• Germination and seedling development of switchgrass and smooth bromegrass exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene [26].
• Mefluidide-treated smooth brome pastures increased calf production over the 1982 grazing season (P = .11) and cow gain over the 1982 (P = .12) and 1983 grazing seasons (P = .13) [27].
• Net VFA production showed a somewhat higher acetate: propionate ratio for brome (3.2) compared with alfalfa (2.2), but there was little change with increasing maturity within a given forage [28].

Gene context of Bromus

• While only the central core of the encoded 94-kDa CCMV 2a protein contains features conserved among known and putative RNA replication proteins from many viruses, both flanking regions of CCMV 2a show substantial similarity to the corresponding protein of the related brome mosaic virus (BMV) [29].
• Mutation of host delta9 fatty acid desaturase inhibits brome mosaic virus RNA replication between template recognition and RNA synthesis [30].
• Two viral proteins, 1a and 2a, direct replication of brome mosaic bromovirus (BMV) RNAs as well as they participate in BMV RNA recombination [31].
• Subcellular localization of the Brome mosaic virus replicase-related 1a and 2a proteins, and the 3a movement protein in infected barley leaves was examined by immunogold electron microscopy [32].
• The RNA replicase extracted from Brome mosaic virus (BMV)-infected plants has been used to characterize the cis-acting elements for RNA synthesis and the mechanism of RNA synthesis [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Bromus

• The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize ABA-responsive cDNAs associated with ABA-induced freezing tolerance in bromegrass cell cultures [15].
• Molecular cloning of abscisic acid-responsive mRNAs expressed during the induction of freezing tolerance in bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) suspension culture [15].

References