Disease relevance of Neurosurgery

• Enoxaparin plus compression stockings compared with compression stockings alone in the prevention of venous thromboembolism after elective neurosurgery [1].
• Both central diabetes insipidus (DI) and a high rate of excretion of sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) contributed to the development of polyuria and dysnatremia in two patients during the acute postoperative period after neurosurgery [2].
• Esmolol was found to be effective in controlling hypertension that develops on emergence from general anesthesia in patients undergoing neurosurgery [3].
• In addition, 7 of the 15 patients developed meningitis at various intervals following head trauma and neurosurgery, and 3 patients required dural repairs for CSF rhinorrhea [4].
• Positron emission tomography allows a quantitative assessment of the impact of functional neurosurgery in Parkinson's disease (PD) by measuring regional cerebral flow and glucose and oxygen consumption as indicators of metabolic activity of specific brain regions [5].

Psychiatry related information on Neurosurgery

• The prototype Neurosurgery Image Manager has been accepted by the Joint Committee on Education of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and Congress of Neurological Surgeons as one of the computer formats for the next self-assessment tests [6].
• Psychopathology following epilepsy neurosurgery is a significant risk [7].
• Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for intractable depression following epilepsy neurosurgery [7].

High impact information on Neurosurgery

• Effect of piracetam on level of consciousness after neurosurgery [8].
• Optimal conditions were determined for the measurement of MAO activities in both the platelet and cerebral cortex, obtained from 14 patients with epilepsy during clinically indicated neurosurgery [9].
• Eighteen patients were subjected to neurosurgery, and a tumor sample was used for dopamine receptor and D(2) isoform expression evaluation by RT-PCR and the in vitro functional studies [10].
• During galanin infusion, no reductions in GH levels were observed in the acromegalic patients cured after neurosurgery (group 2); on the contrary, 6 of 7 patients displayed a normal stimulatory response to galanin (range of GH increase, +120-1533.3% of the basal level) [11].
• We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of esmolol vs placebo in 40 patients emerging from general anesthesia for neurosurgery [3].

Chemical compound and disease context of Neurosurgery

• In a few small trials in patients with head trauma or following neurosurgery, propofol was associated with adequate sedation and control of cerebral haemodynamics [12].
• We conclude that, with regard to global cerebral oxygenation, isoflurane is a safe agent with which to induce hypotension during neurosurgery [13].
• In conclusion, determination of the CSF lactate value is a quick, sensitive, and specific test to identify patients with bacterial meningitis after neurosurgery [14].
• We therefore investigated possible differences between sevoflurane and propofol on the decrease and recovery of core temperature during deliberate mild hypothermia for neurosurgery [15].
• Because thrombocytopenia and inadequate hemostasis are hazardous in neurosurgery, we recommend discontinuation of the cimetidine and phenytoin combination [16].

Biological context of Neurosurgery

• Long-term intrathecal drug administration using implanted pumps is increasingly used in the treatment of chronic refractory pain [Anderson and Burchiel 1999, Neurosurgery 44 (1999) 289; Krames 2002, Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 16 (2002) 619; Wallace 2002, Neurology 59 (2002) S18] [17].
• BACKGROUND: Desflurane is a volatile anesthetic agent with low solubility whose use in neurosurgery has been debated because of its effect on intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow [18].
• The cerebral vasoconstrictive effect, combined with the 90% reduction in MAC for halothane, indicates that dexmedetomidine might be a useful adjunct to inhalation anesthetics during neurosurgery in situations where an increase in CBF should be avoided [19].
• The results demonstrated a significant reduction in partial thromboplastin times and bleeding times in the neurosurgery group, which began at the initiation of surgery and lasted to the end of the study (12 h postoperatively) [20].
• Optimal use of mannitol during neurosurgery requires further prolonged study of its pharmacokinetics [21].

Anatomical context of Neurosurgery

• We, therefore, studied the modulation of the electrically evoked release of [3H]5-HT by various 5-HT receptor agonists and antagonists in preloaded slices of human neocortex obtained from 18 patients undergoing neurosurgery [22].
• Predictive value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate level versus CSF/blood glucose ratio for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis following neurosurgery [14].
• However, significant effects were seen at clinical levels of halothane anesthesia, and the prolongation caused by anesthesia must be considered when using VERs to monitor central nervous system function during neurosurgery [23].
• Changes in plasma concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline were measured when sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used for the induction of hypotension in healthy adults undergoing middle ear surgery (group 1) and patients undergoing neurosurgery for subarachnoid haemorrhage (group 2) [24].
• Intraoperative SEP monitoring in neurosurgery around the brain stem and cervical spinal cord: differential recording of subcortical components [25].

Associations of Neurosurgery with chemical compounds

• Inhibition of phenytoin absorption by continuous nasogastric tube feeding was studied in 20 neurosurgery patients and 5 normal subjects [26].
• Accumulating clinical experience in cardiac and neurosurgery suggests that the full potential of propofol has yet to be realised [27].
• Blood cyanide and thiocyanate concentrations after administration of sodium nitroprusside as hypotensive agent in neurosurgery [28].
• The regulation of histamine release was studied on slices prepared from pieces of human cerebral cortex removed during neurosurgery and labeled with L-[3H]histidine [29].
• All patients were scheduled for neurosurgery while anesthetized with isoflurane and sufentanil [30].

Gene context of Neurosurgery

• PST activities were measured in platelets and in cerebral cortical tissue obtained from 15 patients with epilepsy during clinically indicated neurosurgery [31].
• Gentamicin is active against more than 95% of MRSA strains cultured in our hospital and against 87% of MRSA strains cultured in the neurosurgery unit [32].
• Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain that caused an outbreak in a neurosurgery ward and its aac(6')-Iae gene cassette encoding a novel aminoglycoside acetyltransferase [33].
• In this study, the production of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and beta TSH chain was evaluated at the mRNA level by in situ hybridization and end product level by immunohistochemistry, in 18 patients submitted to neurosurgery for pituitary macroadenomas [34].
• In the present study, we used a sensitive competitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to quantify the amount of CYP11A1 mRNA in a large number of human brain tissue specimens obtained at neurosurgery [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Neurosurgery

• PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are currently being treated in a variety of ways, including medical management, endovascular procedures, neurosurgery and radiotherapy [36].
• A prospective, multicenter, open-label study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cefuroxime for antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing clean neurosurgery [37].
• In a double-blind study, a new fast-dissolving formulation of oxazepam used as sole premedicant in patients undergoing neurosurgery, was assessed with particular reference to its effect on the levels of anxiety, consciousness and orientation of the patients pre- and postoperatively [38].
• Antibiotic prophylaxis during clean neurosurgery: a large, multicenter study using cefuroxime [37].
• Our results suggest that nefopam is effective in preventing postoperative shivering in patients undergoing neurosurgery and mild hypothermia and attenuates the haemodynamic effects of shivering during rewarming [39].

References