Disease relevance of Laryngeal Mucosa

• Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was activated to a greater extent, phosphotyrosine was more abundant, and EGFR was overexpressed in laryngeal papillomas compared to normal laryngeal epithelium by Western blot analysis [1].
• Western blotting analysis of the p21 ras oncoprotein was performed in seven normal laryngeal mucosa specimens and 43 primary laryngeal cancers [2].
• The distributions of hyaluronan (HA) and its CD44 receptor were studied in 24 normal, 27 dysplastic samples of laryngeal epithelium and in 172 squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC), using a specific probe prepared from cartilage proteoglycan (bHABC, biotinylated hyaluronan binding complex) and a monoclonal antibody (Hermes 3) [3].
• OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of ceramide produced by sphingomyelin and DNA content in patients with healthy laryngeal mucosa, leukoplakia, and laryngeal carcinoma [4].
• In this study we analysed the expression of TGF-beta 1 protein and mRNA in normal laryngeal mucosa and in invasive laryngeal carcinomas, to find out any differences in the amount of expressed TGF-beta 1 and to identify the cells which are actively involved in the synthesis of TGF-beta 1 [5].

High impact information on Laryngeal Mucosa

• These results demonstrated that infection of laryngeal epithelium by low-risk human papillomaviruses elevates the EGFR by posttranslational mechanisms, increasing its responsiveness to ligand-mediated activation [1].
• p53 expression in normal, dysplastic, and neoplastic laryngeal epithelium. Absence of a correlation with prognostic factors [6].
• 1. Action potentials were recorded from single afferent units of the superior laryngeal nerves in neonatal and adult sheep, cats and monkeys when liquids were passed over the laryngeal mucosa [7].
• RESULTS: The stroma in normal laryngeal mucosa and SILs contained scattered CD34-positive cells, but there were no SMA-positive myofibroblasts [8].
• Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor blocks from 44 consecutive patients with primary HNSCC and 5 specimens of benign pharyngeal and laryngeal mucosa were retrieved for immunohistochemical analysis [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Laryngeal Mucosa

• Experiments were undertaken to learn if the nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory nervous system (NANCIS) in feline airways could be activated reflexly either by mechanically stimulating the laryngeal mucosa or by inducing acute bronchospasm with boluses of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) injected intravenously [10].
• The levels of retinol, retinol-binding protein (RBP), and prealbumin (PALB) in 53 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas of various size and metastatic nature were significantly lower than in tumor-free individuals and patients suffering from premalignant lesions of the laryngeal mucosa [11].

Biological context of Laryngeal Mucosa

• In addition, antigen presentation by epithelial cells has been hypothesized to contribute to the immunoregulatory function of mucosal tissues, and the finding that HLA-DQ locus products are only expressed at low levels by laryngeal epithelium raises questions about the repertoire of peptides to which the mucosal immune system can respond [12].
• Furthermore, the nucleoprotein of the virus and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II expression were detected immunohistologically on the laryngeal epithelium [13].
• This study was initiated because irradiated oral and laryngeal mucosa have demonstrated staining for the receptor in the basal cell layer as well as in the spinous cells, indicating an upregulation of the receptor in response to lack of EGF [14].
• Xibornol: multiple dose pharmacokinetics and diffusion in lung, tonsillar tissue and laryngeal mucosa [15].

Anatomical context of Laryngeal Mucosa

• Keratin is a common reaction in laryngeal mucosa, and its presence on the surface or in the depths of the epithelium does not militate against the diagnosis of severe intraepithelial neoplastic transformation [16].
• Calbindin D28k-immunoreactive afferent nerve endings in the laryngeal mucosa [17].
• We believe that hTERT mRNA in normal and/or reactively hyperplastic laryngeal epithelium originates from the stem cells and corresponds to the self-renewal capacity of the squamous epithelium [18].
• Substance P immunoreactive nerve fibers of the canine laryngeal mucosa [19].
• Mast cells in the laryngeal mucosa of the rat. Effect of compound 48/80 and dexamethasone: a quantitative and immunohistochemical study at the light- and electron-microscopic levels [20].

Associations of Laryngeal Mucosa with chemical compounds

• In denervated animals, topical application of nicotine on laryngeal epithelium caused significant activation of submucosal glands (P < 0.05) [21].
• Based on the knowledge that the laryngeal irritant receptors are stimulated by water solutions lacking chloride anions, we have developed an experimental method to elicit defensive airway reflexes with a direct instillation of distilled water onto the laryngeal mucosa in humans [22].
• Capsaicin increased the laser Doppler signal in both laryngeal mucosa and skin, while i.v. peptides caused variable effects [23].
• In 7 piglets, diphenhydramine hydrochloride (5.0 mg/kg) was nebulized onto the laryngeal mucosa after a baseline response was obtained [24].
• The effects of lignocaine spray on the laryngeal mucosa of the cat [25].

Gene context of Laryngeal Mucosa

• PCNA analysis as an index of proliferating cells was also performed in 32 cases of laryngeal cancer, six cases of pre-cancerous lesions and nine cases of normal laryngeal mucosa [26].
• The hTERT index was calculated to express the relative quantity levels of hTERT mRNA. hTERT mRNA was detectable in 10 out of 30 (33%) laryngeal tissues covered by normal and/or reactively hyperplastic laryngeal epithelium and 23 out of 30 LSCCs (77%) [18].
• Fibers positive for VRL-1 were detected in the laryngeal epithelium and lamina propria [27].
• Given the correlation between laryngopharyngeal reflux disease and CA-III depletion, it is highly plausible that CA-III depletion, as a result of pepsin exposure during laryngopharyngeal reflux, predisposes laryngeal mucosa to reflux-related inflammatory damage [28].
• The expression of specific keratin polypeptides was studied in different degrees of dysplasia with regard to the subunits expressed in normal and carcinomatous laryngeal epithelium in the same patient [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Laryngeal Mucosa

• The laryngeal mucosa of cats which had been treated with a lignocaine aerosol spray prior to endotracheal intubation was examined histologically [25].

References