Disease relevance of Bronchial Spasm

• Despite the fact that a substantial number of patients experience allergic reactions, hypertension, bronchospasm, nausea, vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea, the efficacy and relative safety of dinoprost tromethamine establish it as superior to intra-amniotic instillation of hypertonic saline [1].
• They also demonstrate that IL-11 can be detected in vivo during viral respiratory infections, that the presence of IL-11 correlates with clinical bronchospasm and that IL-11 is a potent inducer of airways hyperresponsiveness [2].
• Topical timolol given for the treatment or chronic simple glaucoma may cause unrecognised bronchospasm among elderly people [3].
• Allergic adverse reactions, such as bronchospasm, urticaria and itching, occurred in 15 of the ioxaglate group and only 1 of the patients receiving iopamidol (p less than 0.0007) [4].
• These data suggest that histamine release plays a role in hyperventilation-induced bronchospasm despite the fact that increase in plasma histamine has not been found in this situation, in contrast to exercise-induced bronchospasm [5].

High impact information on Bronchial Spasm

• Theophylline and bronchospasm [6].
• In support of this conclusion, the CB1 antagonist SR141716A enhances capsaicin-evoked bronchospasm and cough [7].
• Here we show that the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide exerts dual effects on bronchial responsiveness in rodents: it strongly inhibits bronchospasm and cough evoked by the chemical irritant, capsaicin, but causes bronchospasm when the constricting tone exerted by the vagus nerve is removed [7].
• Dose-dependent bronchospasm from sulfites in isoetharine [8].
• Timolol-induced bronchospasm [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Bronchial Spasm

• Vitamin C for bronchospasm [10].
• The protective effect of lodoxamide on antigen-induced bronchospasm. An orally active antiallergic drug [11].
• The effects of resistive loads applied at the mouth were compared to the effects of bronchospasm on ventilation, respiratory muscle force (occlusion pressure), and respiratory sensations in 6 normal and 11 asthmatic subjects breathing 100% O2 [12].
• Successful treatment of terbutaline-induced bronchospasm with orciprenaline sulfate [13].
• Cromolyn has therapeutic value in immunologic and nonimmunologically induced bronchospasm, being particularly suited for conditions amenable to long-term prophylactic therapy [14].

Biological context of Bronchial Spasm

• Resistant to two doses of subcutaneous epinephrine (1 mL of 1:1000 dilution) and one intravenous dose of aminophylline (250 mg), the bronchospasm was rapidly relieved by metaproterenol sulfate given by inhalation one hour later [15].
• All subjects responded promptly to additional albuterol treatment, and no subject developed refractory bronchoconstriction requiring treatment other than reversal of bronchospasm in the study laboratory [16].
• The isomers were tested for activities to inhibit histamine-induced bronchospasm and to increase the heart rate of anesthetized dogs [17].
• Such compounds have been shown to have a duration of action of up to 4 h in the PCA test and to inhibit both histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro and allergen-induced bronchospasm in the rat lung [18].
• Intraoperative airway pressure (highest, average), O2 saturation (SaO2), temperature, blood pressure changes, cardiac rhythm, and bronchospasm were compared in these two groups [19].

Anatomical context of Bronchial Spasm

• EMBP is directly implicated in epithelial cell damage, exfoliation, and bronchospasm in allergic diseases such as asthma [20].
• Adenosine, a newly synthesized mast cell mediator (from adenosine triphosphate), is one of the important inflammatory mediators capable of causing bronchospasm and, by interacting with mast cell membrane receptors, of augmenting mediator release induced by antigen [21].
• Antigen-induced neutrophil chemotactic activity in man. Correlation with bronchospasm and inhibition by disodium cromoglycate [22].
• The effect of terfenadine, a selective H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system side effects, was evaluated on hyperventilation-induced bronchospasm in 11 adult subjects with asthma in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study [5].
• Thus, mononuclear leukocytes from normal individuals produce HRF in response to exposure to respiratory viruses, suggesting that this cytokine, which causes basophil degranulation, may play a role in the mechanism of virus-induced bronchospasm [23].

Gene context of Bronchial Spasm

• Of the four cardinal signs of asthma (bronchospasm, edema, inflammation, and mucus secretion), histamine is capable of mediating the first two through its H1 receptor and mucus secretion through its H2 receptor [24].
• In the in vivo rat model, 5-HT2a antagonist ketanserin, 5-HT7 agonist 5-carboxamidotryptamine, and (to a limited extent) 5-HT3 antagonist ondansetron could all, like epinastine, block bronchospasm, but the "classic" antihistamine chlorpheniramine was ineffective [25].
• These data do not support the use of dipyridamole stress testing in asthmatics, but show that (1) the acute effects of a diagnostic dose of dipyridamole on pulmonary airflow are mild even in patients with a history suggestive of COPD and (2) dyspnoea during dipyridamole testing is not necessarily indicative of bronchospasm [26].
• Where known, the mode of action in cardiovascular disease is from antagonism of endogenous catecholamine responses in the heart (mainly at beta1-adrenoceptors), while the worrisome side effects of bronchospasm result from airway beta2-adrenoceptor blockade [27].
• Activation of the adenosine A3 receptor subtype by the agonist N6-2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyladenosine is shown here to induce bronchospasm (increased pulmonary resistance and decreased pulmonary compliance) in BDE strain rats [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Bronchial Spasm

• We found salbutamol to be a safe and effective bronchodilator capable of reversing severe bronchospasm in most children who would otherwise require mechanical ventilation [29].
• 4. Intravenous injection of SDZ PCO 400 (0.1 mg kg-1) effected transient (less than 10 min) inhibition of histamine-induced bronchospasm, yet diminished, for prolonged periods [up to 40 min] the enhanced bronchoconstrictor responses to histamine that followed intravenous injections of immune complexes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[30]
• Urinary levels of leukotriene (LT) E4, a stable end-product of LTC4 and LTD4, were measured before and after exercise in 10 children with severe asthma and seven children with moderate asthma using HPLC and RIA to clarify the relationship of LT to the severity of asthma and to the degree of bronchospasm in exercise-induced asthma [31].
• Narcotics commonly used for postoperative analgesia may release histamine and cause bronchospasm in asthmatics [32].
• Treatment of bronchospasm by metered-dose inhaler albuterol in mechanically ventilated patients [33].

References