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MeSH Review

Anaplasma

 
 
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Disease relevance of Anaplasma

  • Restriction of major surface protein 2 (MSP2) variants during tick transmission of the ehrlichia Anaplasma marginale [1].
  • We report a patient with febrile illness and epidemiologic and clinical findings consistent with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis and tickborne encephalitis, in whom infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum was demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction and seroconversion [2].
  • Although immunization with live Anaplasma centrale has long been used to induce protection against acute disease upon challenge with virulent A. marginale, its MSP-2 structure and whether MSP-2 variants are generated during persistence of the vaccine strain was unknown [3].
  • Analysis of involvement of the RecF pathway in p44 recombination in Anaplasma phagocytophilum and in Escherichia coli by using a plasmid carrying the p44 expression and p44 donor loci [4].
  • Recombinant vaccinia virus expression of Anaplasma marginale surface protein MSP-1a: effect of promoters, leader sequences and GPI anchor sequence on antibody response [5].
 

High impact information on Anaplasma

  • Murine neutrophils require alpha1,3-fucosylation but not PSGL-1 for productive infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum [6].
  • This study tested the hypothesis that challenge of cattle with Anaplasma marginale expressing MSP2 variants to which the animals had been immunized, would stimulate variant epitope-specific recall CD4(+) T cell and IgG responses and organism clearance [7].
  • Structurally distinct requirements for binding of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 and sialyl Lewis x to Anaplasma phagocytophilum and P-selectin [8].
  • Repression of rac2 mRNA expression by Anaplasma phagocytophila is essential to the inhibition of superoxide production and bacterial proliferation [9].
  • Activation of a p44 pseudogene in Anaplasma phagocytophila by bacterial RNA splicing: a novel mechanism for post-transcriptional regulation of a multigene family encoding immunodominant major outer membrane proteins [10].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of Anaplasma

 

Biological context of Anaplasma

 

Anatomical context of Anaplasma

 

Gene context of Anaplasma

  • CXCR2 blockade influences Anaplasma phagocytophilum propagation but not histopathology in the mouse model of human granulocytic anaplasmosis [24].
  • Biased immunoglobulin G1 isotype responses induced in cattle with DNA expressing msp1a of Anaplasma marginale [25].
  • Polymorphism and transcription at the p44-1/p44-18 genomic locus in Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains from diverse geographic regions [26].
  • The Anaplasma marginale msp5 gene encodes a 19-kilodalton protein conserved in all recognized Anaplasma species [27].
  • Derivation of the complete msp4 gene sequence of Anaplasma marginale without cloning [28].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Anaplasma

References

  1. Restriction of major surface protein 2 (MSP2) variants during tick transmission of the ehrlichia Anaplasma marginale. Rurangirwa, F.R., Stiller, D., French, D.M., Palmer, G.H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1999) [Pubmed]
  2. Concomitant tickborne encephalitis and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Lotric-Furlan, S., Petrovec, M., Avsic-Zupanc, T., Strle, F. Emerging Infect. Dis. (2005) [Pubmed]
  3. Expression of major surface protein 2 variants with conserved T-cell epitopes in Anaplasma centrale vaccinates. Shkap, V., Molad, T., Brayton, K.A., Brown, W.C., Palmer, G.H. Infect. Immun. (2002) [Pubmed]
  4. Analysis of involvement of the RecF pathway in p44 recombination in Anaplasma phagocytophilum and in Escherichia coli by using a plasmid carrying the p44 expression and p44 donor loci. Lin, Q., Zhang, C., Rikihisa, Y. Infect. Immun. (2006) [Pubmed]
  5. Recombinant vaccinia virus expression of Anaplasma marginale surface protein MSP-1a: effect of promoters, leader sequences and GPI anchor sequence on antibody response. McGuire, T.C., Stephens, E.B., Palmer, G.H., McElwain, T.F., Lichtensteiger, C.A., Leib, S.R., Barbet, A.F. Vaccine (1994) [Pubmed]
  6. Murine neutrophils require alpha1,3-fucosylation but not PSGL-1 for productive infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Carlyon, J.A., Akkoyunlu, M., Xia, L., Yago, T., Wang, T., Cummings, R.D., McEver, R.P., Fikrig, E. Blood (2003) [Pubmed]
  7. Rapid and long-term disappearance of CD4+ T lymphocyte responses specific for Anaplasma marginale major surface protein-2 (MSP2) in MSP2 vaccinates following challenge with live A. marginale. Abbott, J.R., Palmer, G.H., Kegerreis, K.A., Hetrick, P.F., Howard, C.J., Hope, J.C., Brown, W.C. J. Immunol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  8. Structurally distinct requirements for binding of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 and sialyl Lewis x to Anaplasma phagocytophilum and P-selectin. Yago, T., Leppänen, A., Carlyon, J.A., Akkoyunlu, M., Karmakar, S., Fikrig, E., Cummings, R.D., McEver, R.P. J. Biol. Chem. (2003) [Pubmed]
  9. Repression of rac2 mRNA expression by Anaplasma phagocytophila is essential to the inhibition of superoxide production and bacterial proliferation. Carlyon, J.A., Chan, W.T., Galán, J., Roos, D., Fikrig, E. J. Immunol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  10. Activation of a p44 pseudogene in Anaplasma phagocytophila by bacterial RNA splicing: a novel mechanism for post-transcriptional regulation of a multigene family encoding immunodominant major outer membrane proteins. Zhi, N., Ohashi, N., Rikihisa, Y. Mol. Microbiol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  11. Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum lack genes for lipid A biosynthesis and incorporate cholesterol for their survival. Lin, M., Rikihisa, Y. Infect. Immun. (2003) [Pubmed]
  12. Synthesis of DNA and protein by Anaplasma marginale in bovine erythrocytes during short-term culture. Davis, W.C., Talmadge, J.E., Parish, S.M., Johnson, M.I., Vibber, S.D. Infect. Immun. (1978) [Pubmed]
  13. Evaluation of Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 3 (MSP3) as a diagnostic test antigen. Alleman, A.R., Barbet, A.F. J. Clin. Microbiol. (1996) [Pubmed]
  14. Molecular detection of a new Anaplasma species closely related to Anaplasma phagocytophilum in canine blood from South Africa. Inokuma, H., Oyamada, M., Kelly, P.J., Jacobson, L.A., Fournier, P.E., Itamoto, K., Okuda, M., Brouqui, P. J. Clin. Microbiol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  15. Anaplasma marginale: effect of the treatment of cattle with an interferon gamma-neutralizing monoclonal antibody or the nitric oxide synthetase inhibitor aminoguanidine on the course of infection. Gale, K.R., Leatch, G., Dimmock, C.M., Wood, P.R. Parasite Immunol. (1997) [Pubmed]
  16. Antigenic variation of Anaplasma marginale msp2 occurs by combinatorial gene conversion. Brayton, K.A., Palmer, G.H., Lundgren, A., Yi, J., Barbet, A.F. Mol. Microbiol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  17. Sequence analysis of p44 homologs expressed by Anaplasma phagocytophilum in infected ticks feeding on naive hosts and in mice infected by tick attachment. Felek, S., Telford, S., Falco, R.C., Rikihisa, Y. Infect. Immun. (2004) [Pubmed]
  18. Antigenic variation of Anaplasma marginale: major surface protein 2 diversity during cyclic transmission between ticks and cattle. Barbet, A.F., Yi, J., Lundgren, A., McEwen, B.R., Blouin, E.F., Kocan, K.M. Infect. Immun. (2001) [Pubmed]
  19. Glycosylation of Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a and its putative role in adhesion to tick cells. Garcia-Garcia, J.C., de la Fuente, J., Bell-Eunice, G., Blouin, E.F., Kocan, K.M. Infect. Immun. (2004) [Pubmed]
  20. Characterization and transcriptional analysis of gene clusters for a type IV secretion machinery in human granulocytic and monocytic ehrlichiosis agents. Ohashi, N., Zhi, N., Lin, Q., Rikihisa, Y. Infect. Immun. (2002) [Pubmed]
  21. Specific expression of Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 salivary gland variants occurs in the midgut and is an early event during tick transmission. Löhr, C.V., Rurangirwa, F.R., McElwain, T.F., Stiller, D., Palmer, G.H. Infect. Immun. (2002) [Pubmed]
  22. Sodium valproate facilitates the propagation of granulocytic ehrlichiae (Anaplasma phagocytophilum) in HL-60 cells. Zeman, P., Cinatl, J., Kabickova, H. Exp. Appl. Acarol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  23. Effect of 2-mercaptoethanol on the in vitro response of sensitized bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes to Anaplasma antigen. Buening, G.M. Am. J. Vet. Res. (1977) [Pubmed]
  24. CXCR2 blockade influences Anaplasma phagocytophilum propagation but not histopathology in the mouse model of human granulocytic anaplasmosis. Scorpio, D.G., Akkoyunlu, M., Fikrig, E., Dumler, J.S. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  25. Biased immunoglobulin G1 isotype responses induced in cattle with DNA expressing msp1a of Anaplasma marginale. Arulkanthan, A., Brown, W.C., McGuire, T.C., Knowles, D.P. Infect. Immun. (1999) [Pubmed]
  26. Polymorphism and transcription at the p44-1/p44-18 genomic locus in Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains from diverse geographic regions. Lin, Q., Rikihisa, Y., Massung, R.F., Woldehiwet, Z., Falco, R.C. Infect. Immun. (2004) [Pubmed]
  27. The Anaplasma marginale msp5 gene encodes a 19-kilodalton protein conserved in all recognized Anaplasma species. Visser, E.S., McGuire, T.C., Palmer, G.H., Davis, W.C., Shkap, V., Pipano, E., Knowles, D.P. Infect. Immun. (1992) [Pubmed]
  28. Derivation of the complete msp4 gene sequence of Anaplasma marginale without cloning. Oberle, S.M., Barbet, A.F. Gene (1993) [Pubmed]
  29. Serologic and molecular detection of Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Anaplasma phagocytophila (human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent) in Korean patients. Heo, E.J., Park, J.H., Koo, J.R., Park, M.S., Park, M.Y., Dumler, J.S., Chae, J.S. J. Clin. Microbiol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  30. Detection of Anaplasma ovis infection in goats by major surface protein 5 competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ndung'u, L.W., Aguirre, C., Rurangirwa, F.R., McElwain, T.F., McGuire, T.C., Knowles, D.P., Palmer, G.H. J. Clin. Microbiol. (1995) [Pubmed]
  31. Elimination of naturally acquired chronic Anaplasma marginale infections with a long-acting oxytetracycline injectable. Magonigle, R.A., Newby, T.J. Am. J. Vet. Res. (1982) [Pubmed]
  32. Chemoprophylaxis of Anaplasma ovis infection in sheep with a long-acting oxytetracycline. Sharma, S.P., Bansal, G.C. Vet. Parasitol. (1985) [Pubmed]
 
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