Disease relevance of Keratoconjunctivitis

• The third child, who presented with a periorificial candida dermatitis, alopecia, keratoconjunctivitis, and intermittent ataxia at eighteen months of age, had intermittent lactic acidosis and raised excretion of beta-hydroxyproprionate, methylcitrate, beta-methylcrotonylglycine, and beta-hydroxyisovalerate in urine [1].
• In nonimmunocompromised patients, acyclovir is beneficial in the therapy of herpes keratoconjunctivitis and in the therapy of genital herpes, with maximal benefit seen in those patients who have primary genital herpes [2].
• Thus, in the second of this 2-part review series (Part I: Ocular Immunology appeared in the November issue of the Journal), an overview is provided of the spectrum of ocular allergy that ranges from acute seasonal allergic conjunctivitis to chronic variants of atopic keratoconjunctivitis [3].
• PURPOSE: To examine the conjunctiva of patients with Sjögren's syndrome keratoconjunctivitis sicca (SS-KCS) and non-Sjögren's keratoconjunctivitis sicca (NS-KCS) for evidence of immune-based inflammation [4].
• These results suggested that O antigens and ability to penetrate tissue culture cells are independent and prerequisite attributes of virulence in Shigella flexneri to evoke keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pigs [5].

High impact information on Keratoconjunctivitis

• The lacrimal keratoconjunctivitis (LKC) was mediated by CD4(+) T cells, which, when adoptively transferred to T cell-deficient nude mice, produced inflammation in the LG, cornea, and conjunctiva, but not in any other organ [6].
• Furthermore, when guinea pig eyes were infected with a non-polar icsB mutant, the bacteria failed to provoke keratoconjunctivitis [7].
• Additional occasional findings were vitiligo, keratoconjunctivitis sicca and arthritis [8].
• Our experience supports the use of oral CyA for the treatment of severe APECED-associated exocrine pancreatic failure and keratoconjunctivitis [9].
• Presence of eotaxin in tears of patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis with severe corneal damage [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Keratoconjunctivitis

• 0.05% ciclosporin ophthalmic emulsion has recently been approved by the US FDA for treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) [dry-eye disease] [11].
• The immunomodulatory effect of topical cyclosporin A in atopic keratoconjunctivitis [12].
• Tetracycline administered in low doses can be effective in the long-term management of patients with meibomian keratoconjunctivitis (MKC) [13].
• These findings suggest that M. conjunctivae is one cause of epidemic caprine keratoconjunctivitis [14].
• Beneficial effects of a retinoic acid analog, CBS-211 A, on an experimental model of keratoconjunctivitis sicca [15].

Biological context of Keratoconjunctivitis

• Topical cyclosporine inhibits conjunctival epithelial apoptosis in experimental murine keratoconjunctivitis sicca [16].
• Cellular immunity in dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca before and after treatment with topical 2% cyclosporine [17].
• Other indicators of invasive characteristics of virulent Shigella strains such as production of keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pig eye in vivo, Congo red binding and expression of contact hemolysin however, indicated loss of invasive properties in the plasmid cured strain [18].
• Association of HLA-DR4, protease inhibitor phenotypes and keratoconjunctivitis sicca with pulmonary abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis [19].

Anatomical context of Keratoconjunctivitis

• Large amounts of HSP90 and HSP27, and lesser amounts of cHSP70, iHSP70, and HSP65 were present in atopic keratoconjunctivitis and normal epithelium; less of these proteins were seen in OCP conjunctival epithelium [20].
• Exposure of corneal epithelial cells to M. bovis concentrated culture supernatants demonstrated a role for an exotoxin in the pathogenesis of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, while neutralization of hemolytic and cytotoxic activities by MAb G3/D7 implies that these activities are related or have common epitopes [21].
• To test the hypothesis that beneficial effects of Cyclosporin A (CsA; Sandimmune; Sandoz, Basel, Switzerland) in treating keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) include an effect on the mucin-producing conjunctival goblet cells independent of CsA's effect on lacrimation [22].
• In contrast there was moderate to strong expression of IFN-gamma in five out of six T-cell lines in atopic keratoconjunctivitis [23].
• The selected mutant SFL124 is Congo-red positive, invades and shows a limited multiplication in HeLa cells and does not cause keratoconjunctivitis in guinea-pigs [24].

Gene context of Keratoconjunctivitis

• These results suggest that IL-1 may play a key role in the pathogenesis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca [25].
• PURPOSE: Major chemokine receptors in the giant papillae of atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) have yet to be determined [26].
• BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus colonization is common in atopic keratoconjunctivitis, potentially activating epithelial cells via toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) and the receptor for platelet-activating factor (PAFR) [27].
• We studied the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on in vitro Japanese cedar pollen (JCP)-specific IgE production by mononuclear cells from atopic keratoconjunctivitis patients with JCP allergy [28].
• Neurturin-deficient mice develop dry eye and keratoconjunctivitis sicca [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Keratoconjunctivitis

• Active immunization with lipopolysaccharide of S. flexneri 3a did not protect rabbits against keratoconjunctivitis shigellosa [30].
• Schirmer's test and rose bengal staining for the diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca and salivary scintigraphy and a labial biopsy sample for the diagnosis of xerostomaia were studied in all patients [31].
• Open-label crossover study of vitamin A ointment as a treatment for keratoconjunctivitis sicca [32].
• We report a patient with reactivation of presumed adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) to correct high myopia [33].
• Topical administration of cyclosporine for treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs [34].

References