Disease relevance of ubiquinol-10

• The hyperlipidaemic patients with hypertension had a lower proportion of ubiquinol-10 than subjects without [1].
• Using a newly developed method, we measured plasma ubiquinol-10 in 38 hyperlipidaemic patients with and without further complications, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, or liver disease, and in 30 healthy subjects [1].
• These data suggest that the level of ubiquinol-10 in human plasma may serve as a marker for liver dysfunction, reflecting its diminished reduction by the liver rather than increased consumption by oxidants [2].
• Light-induced formation of ubiquinol-10 in Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers was followed by rapid-scan Fourier transform IR difference spectroscopy, a technique that allows the course of the reaction to be monitored, providing simultaneously information on the redox states of cofactors and on protein response [3].
• Effects of fenofibrate therapy on plasma ubiquinol-10 and ubiquinone-10 levels in Japanese patients with hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus [4].

Psychiatry related information on ubiquinol-10

• In contrast, no decrease in ubiquinol-10 was detected in plasma of patients with coronary heart disease and Alzheimer's disease [2].

High impact information on ubiquinol-10

• The onset of detectable lipid peroxidation corresponded closely with the completion of ubiquinol-10 consumption [5].
• Ubiquinol-10 is an effective lipid-soluble antioxidant at physiological concentrations [6].
• We also show that ubiquinol-10 spares alpha-tocopherol when both antioxidants are present in the same liposomal membranes and that ubiquinol-10, like alpha-tocopherol, does not interact with reduced glutathione [6].
• However, it is known that ubiquinol-10 can be recycled by electron transport carriers present in various biomembranes and possibly by some enzymes [6].
• The following rates of depletion were obtained by kinetic analysis (moles depleted per 100 mol of 1O2 consumed): protein thiols (5), urate (5), ascorbate (4), bilirubin (1), and ubiquinol-10 (0.008) [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of ubiquinol-10

• Plasma ubiquinol-10, expressed as a percentage of total ubiquinol-10 + ubiquinone-10, was found to be significantly lower in hyperlipidaemic patients and in patients with liver diseases than in age-matched control subjects [2].

Biological context of ubiquinol-10

• Measuring plasma ubiquinol-10 can be proposed as a practical approach to assess oxidative stress in humans [1].
• Therefore, it is plausible that ubiquinol-10 protects cells from chemically-induced apoptosis by acting as an antioxidant in mitochondria [8].
• Incubation with NO . alone caused oxidation of LDL's ubiquinol-10 and accumulation of small amounts of lipid hydroperoxides, but failed to form any high-uptake ligand for endocytosis by macrophages and did not alter the LDL particle charge or the integrity of apoB [9].
• Structure-Activity Relationship of the Free-Radical-Scavenging Reaction by Vitamin E (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-Tocopherols) and Ubiquinol-10: pH Dependence of the Reaction Rates [10].

Anatomical context of ubiquinol-10

• Exposure of blood plasma to 20 mM water-soluble 1O2 generator resulted in the depletion of ascorbate (100%), urate (75%), ubiquinol-10 (65%), protein thiols (50%), and bilirubin (25%), whereas under these conditions the levels of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and lycopene remained unchanged [7].
• Iron had no significant effect except for decreasing ubiquinol-10 in the pancreas and increasing aminotransferases in the plasma [11].
• The concentration of plasma antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, ubiquinol-10 and glutathione) and the activity of red blood cell CuZn superoxide dismutase were not significantly different between the groups [12].
• RESULTS: Ubiquinol-9 and ubiquinol-10 concentrations are significantly increased in quadriceps and heart muscle of mdx mouse [13].
• The aims are (1) to compare ubiquinol-9, ubiquinol-10, ubiquinone-9, ubiquinone-10, total CoQ content and CoQ redox ratio in quadriceps muscle, heart, brain and liver tissues of mdx mice with wild-type controls; and (2) to determine if ubiquinol content and CoQ redox ratio changes are associated with pathological findings in mdx mouse [13].

Associations of ubiquinol-10 with other chemical compounds

• Here we found that TrxR1 reduced ubiquinone-10 and thereby regenerated the antioxidant ubiquinol-10 (Q10), which is important for protection against lipid and protein peroxidation [14].
• The other substances with potential antioxidant activity are: gamma-tocopherol, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lycopene, cryptoxanthin, cantaxanthin, phytofluene and ubiquinol-10 [15].
• On average, plasma ubiquinol-10, total coenzyme Q and coenzyme Q redox status were slightly lower whereas the levels of alpha-tocopherol were slightly higher in patients (63 +/- 11 years, n = 32) than controls (64 +/- 10 years, n = 24) [16].
• LDL n-3 PUFAs, ubiquinol-10 and free cholesterol were the most important determinants of the oxidizability of antioxidant-containing LDL, contributing to about 35%, 25% and 25% of its total variability, respectively [17].
• It was found that plastoquinol-9, ubiquinol-10 and alpha-tocopherol quinol show intrinsic fluorescence in organic solvents and in liposomes [18].

Gene context of ubiquinol-10

• Lag time for in vitro LDL oxidation positively correlated with ubiquinol-10 levels (p = 0.008), but not with other antioxidants studied or beta(2)GPI [19].
• Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) in its reduced form, ubiquinol-10, effectively inhibits lipoprotein oxidation in vitro and in vivo; CoQ(10) supplements also inhibit atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E gene knockout (apoE-/-) mice [20].
• A significant correlation (r = 0.328) also occurred between ubiquinol-10 concentration and citrate synthase activity [21].
• The concentration of five lipid-soluble antioxidants (gamma- and alpha-tocopherol, lycopene, beta-carotene and ubiquinol-10) was measured in plasma and very low-density, low-density and high-density lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL and HDL) isolated from young healthy normo- cholesterolemic subjects [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ubiquinol-10

• The interaction of CoQ in the oxidized (ubiquinone-10) and reduced (ubiquinol-10) state with membrane model systems of 1,2-dielaidoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (Ela2Gro-P-Etn) has been studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) and small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD) [23].
• We developed a gradient HPLC method with automated precolumn reduction for direct electrochemical detection of ubiquinol-10 (CoQ10H2) and total coenzyme Q10 (TQ10) in human plasma [24].
• Using multiple regression analysis we also found a strong correlation among sperm count, motility and ubiquinol-10 content (P < 0.01) in seminal fluid [25].

References