Disease relevance of PCB 47

• 4. The analogue 2,4,2',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl is relatively ineffective in both the production of porphyria in culture and the stimulation of porphyrinogen oxidation in vitro [1].
• Two hybrid strains, P. aeruginosa JB2-3 and Pseudomonas sp. JB2-M, were the most effective of all strains, including strain AW, in metabolizing polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1242) [2].
• Degradation of aroclor 1242 dechlorination products in sediments by Burkholderia xenovorans LB400(ohb) and Rhodococcus sp. strain RHA1(fcb) [3].
• The polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture Aroclor 1242 (A1242) increases frequency of contractions of pregnant rat uteri, suggesting a possible mechanism for decreased gestational age and increased spontaneous abortion in women and animals exposed to PCBs [4].
• A single intraperitoneal injection of 1000 mg/kg body weight of a PCB mixture (Aroclor 1242) to adult male BALB/cc mice caused not only a relative spleen enlargement, but also an absolute spleen lymphocyte depletion [5].

Psychiatry related information on PCB 47

• Effects of the polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor 1242 on locomotor activity and on the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain of the gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis [6].

High impact information on PCB 47

• Omission or chelation of calcium abolished A23187-induced AA release, but did not alter AA release in Aroclor 1242-stimulated neutrophils [7].
• Incubation of bovine copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) with A1242 or PCB47 in a cell-free system reversed the enzyme-mediated inhibition of 6-hydroxydopamine autoxidation, indicating that polychlorinated biphenyls inhibited superoxide dismutase activity [8].
• Aroclor 1242 (A1242), a polychlorinated biphenyl mixture, and 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB47), a constituent of A1242 that produces the same patterns of effects, impaired the oxidative burst of human neutrophils by inhibiting the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase, which converts O2- to H2O2 [8].
• The poor Ah receptor ligand 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl was not toxic in 5L cells [9].
• The PCB mixtures Aroclor 1242, 1248, and 1254 significantly stimulated uterine contraction frequency, and the least chlorinated mixture, Aroclor 1242, was the most potent stimulant [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of PCB 47

• Unexpectedly, 3,3',5,5'-TCB or low-dose Aroclor 1242 treatment increased body weight and bone length (P < 0.05), whereas Aroclor 1242 (high dose), 3,3,4,4'-TCB, or Aroclor 1254 treatment reduced body weights and/or bone length (P < 0.05) [11].
• Gram-negative endotoxin (Salmonella typhosa) sensitivity in PCB- and HCB-treated mice was increased 5.2- and 32-fold, respectively, following the dietary administration of 167 ppm of Aroclor 1242 or HCB for 6 weeks [12].
• Fish were exposed to PCB 47 and PCB 153 in the diet (0, 0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg body weight/day) for 30 days and to PCB 77 (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg body weight/day) for 15 days [13].

Biological context of PCB 47

• Biotransformations of Aroclor 1242 in Hudson River test tube microcosms [14].
• Time-mated Long-Evans rats received daily injections of the coplanar PCB 77 (3,4 3',4'-TCB: 0.5 or 1.5 mg/kg), the di-ortho-chlorinated PCB 47 (2,4,2',4'-TCB: 1.5 mg/kg) or a congener mixture (0.5 mg/kg PCB 77 + 1.0 mg/kg PCB 47) from day 7 to 18 of gestation [15].
• These data suggest that treatment of rat PMNs with Aroclor 1242 stimulates PI turnover and are consistent with the hypothesis that hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids is important in PMN activation by PCBs [16].
• The present study investigates the effects of the PCB mixtures Aroclor 1242 (A1242) and Aroclor 1254 (A1254), and the PCB congeners 126 (3,3',4,4',5,-PeCB) and 153 (2,2',4,4',5,5'-HxCB) on formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death in cultured rat cerebellar granule cells [17].
• Treatment of neutrophils with Aroclor 1242 induced phosphorylation of p44 MAPK, and this phosphorylation was unaffected by BEL but was inhibited by PD 98059 [18].

Anatomical context of PCB 47

• Testis weight was increased 22 and 13% in rats that received the 1.6 and 3.2 mg/day Aroclor 1242 doses, respectively, while the 0.4 mg/day dose did not produce significant increases [19].
• Effects of 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl on granulocytic HL-60 cell function and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 [20].
• PMNs elicited with glycogen from rat peritoneum were labeled with myo-[2-3H]inositol, and the effect of fMLP and Aroclor 1242 on accumulation of [3H]inositol phosphates was determined [16].
• To determine the physiochemical behavior of xenobiotic hydrocarbons in simulated intestinal content, we examined the partition of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), 3-methyl cholanthrene (MC), benzo(a)pyrene, and a polychlorinated biphenyl compound (PCB, Aroclor 1242) between an emulsified oil phase and a mixed micellar solution [21].
• PCB 47 accumulated preferentially in adipose tissues (subcutaneous fat > mesenteric fat); relatively high levels of PCB 47 were also found in adrenals, ovaries, lungs, liver, and skin [22].

Associations of PCB 47 with other chemical compounds

• This was also evident in a physiologically relevant situation in which neutrophils pre-incubated with A1242 were subsequently stimulated with a combination of N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [8].
• All three agents significantly decreased the amount of O2- detected during stimulation of neutrophils with Aroclor 1242 [23].
• Protein tyrosine kinase involvement in the production of superoxide anion by neutrophils exposed to Aroclor 1242, a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls [24].
• Furthermore, both TFP and Aroclor 1242 inhibited neutrophil degranulation stimulated by the bacterial peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine [25].
• Biodegradation of the following congeners was monitored by gas chromatography: 2,3-dichlorobiphenyl, 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl, 2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl (2,4',5-TCB), 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl [26].

Gene context of PCB 47

• COX-2 mRNA was significantly elevated in response to 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in a concentration-dependent manner [20].
• COX-2 protein and activity were also increased after exposure to 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl; COX-1 protein and activity were unaffected [20].
• These results suggest that tyrosine kinases, PKC, and the MEK/MAPK pathway are involved in a fraction of Aroclor 1242-induced activation of PLA(2) [18].
• Both growth and pituitary GH content were increased (P < 0.05) by 3,3',5,5'-TCB (low dose) or Aroclor 1242 treatment [11].
• Fatty acids, lipids, and cytochrome p-450 monooxygenase in hepatic microsomes of minks fed fish-based diets and exposed to Aroclor 1242 [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PCB 47

• Degradation of aroclor 1242 in a single-stage coupled anaerobic/aerobic bioreactor [28].
• The addition of 100 micrograms/L of Aroclor 1242 (A1242) or 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TeCB) during 10 week chronic toxicity tests with Hyalella azteca resulted in complete mortality [29].
• PCB levels leached from soil containing 500 ppm Aroclor 1242 ranged from less than 0.6 to 3.4 ppb in freshwater tests to 3.5 ppb in seawater bioassays [30].
• The hatchability (%) of eggs laid by pullets fed 10 and 20 p.p.m. declined to 78 and 45, respectively, for Aroclor 1232, 48 and 5 for Aroclor 1242 and 40 and 5 for Aroclor 1248 after 6 weeks of biphenyl feeding, as compared with 90 for the control group [31].
• A decrease in plasma concentration of thyroxine was observed after treatment with Aroclor 1242 and Aroclor 1254 [32].

References