Disease relevance of Nbd chloride

• The interaction of 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan with Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores, their soluble F1-ATPase, and the isolated purified beta-subunit [1].
• The fluorescent probe 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (N-NBD-Cl) was covalently attached to envelopes of intact Sendai virions without significantly impairing their biological activity [2].
• Impairment of the catalytic activity of Escherichia coli ribonucleic acid polymerase by a unique reaction of 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan [3].
• NBD-chloride is a potent mutagen in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay [4].
• Allergic contact dermatitis from 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan [5].

High impact information on Nbd chloride

• Whereas 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) inhibited wild-type ATPase essentially completely, ATPase in mutants was inhibited maximally by approximately 50%, although reaction still occurred at residue betaTyr-297, proximal to betaArg-246 in the phosphate-binding pocket [6].
• Presteady-state and steady-state kinetics of human glutathione transferase P1-1 (EC 2.5.1.18) have been studied at pH 5.0 by using 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, a poor co-substrate for this isoenzyme [7].
• 7-Chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, however, reduced the catalytic site MgATP binding stoichiometry from three to two, and appears to inhibit catalysis by sterically blocking catalytic site 3 [8].
• We have used a fluorescence enhancement of actin labeled with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-actin) to study the interactions between rabbit skeletal muscle G-actin and either purified platelet gelsolin or a 130-kDa binary complex of platelet actin and gelsolin that is stable in EGTA and can be purified from human platelets [9].
• The vacuolar membrane ATPase was similar to the mitochondrial ATPase and approximately 10-fold more sensitive than the plasma membrane ATPase in its sensitivity to the inhibitors 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) adenosine 5'-triphosphate, and 5'-adenylylimidodiphosphate [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Nbd chloride

• N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan bind to different beta subunits of the F1 ATPase of Escherichia coli [11].
• Two NHases were studied, namely, Rhodococcus rhodochrous R312 NHase and Comamonas testosteroni NI1 NHase, and the reagents used were meta-chlorocarbonyldicyano-phenylhydrazone (m-ClCP), 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl), and 2-nitro-5-thiocyanato-benzoic acid (NTBA) [12].
• The Escherichia coli F1-ATPase mutant beta Tyr-297-->Cys: functional studies and asymmetry of the enzyme under various nucleotide conditions based on reaction of the introduced Cys with N-ethylmaleimide and 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzofurazan [13].

Biological context of Nbd chloride

• Catalytic properties of beef heart mitochondrial ATPase modified with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole. Evidence for catalytic site cooperativity during ATP synthesis [14].
• 9. One thiol group reacts with NBD-chloride approximately 40-fold faster than the other one, and the fast reacting group has been identified as Cys-25 in the amino acid sequence [15].
• Mutations in "Q-loop" residues that are thought to interfere with communication between drug and catalytic sites prevented the occluded nucleotide conformation, as did covalent reagents N-ethylmaleimide and 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, which are known to inhibit ATP hydrolysis by reacting in catalytic sites [16].
• Reaction of (Na-K)ATPase with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole: evidence for an essential tyrosine at the active site [17].
• The enzyme showed conjugation activity towards substrates like 1-chloro-2,4-nitrobenzene (CDNB) and 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), a genotoxic alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde product of lipid peroxidation [18].

Anatomical context of Nbd chloride

• A method for determining the adenosine triphosphatase content of energy-transducing membranes. reaction of 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan with the adenosine triphosphatase of bovine heart submitochondrial particles [19].
• Fluorescence properties of the Ca2+,Mg2(+)-ATPase protein of sarcoplasmic reticulum labeled with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole [20].
• Reaction of thiol groups of gizzard myosin heavy chains with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole [21].
• We investigated the inhibitory effects of 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) on ATP-dependent H+ accumulation by membrane vesicles prepared from the turtle urinary bladder epithelium [22].
• Purified GST from the hepatopancreas which could conjugate glutathione (GSH) with only 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBDCl) among some electrophilic substrates tested, had a K(m)(NBDCl) of 2.2+/-0.12 mmol l(-1) while the K(m)CDNB was 2.03+/-0.29 mmol l(-1) [23].

Associations of Nbd chloride with other chemical compounds

• The similarity of the rate of the more slowly reacting Cys-187 with NBD-chloride to that of glutathione with the same reagent is consistent with its location on the surface of the enzyme as determined by x-ray crystallography structure [15].
• Other modified forms of the enzyme in which the steady state activity was severely attenuated by derivatization with 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoylinosine, 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzofurazan, or 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene also bound substoichiometric ATP at a single catalytic site [24].
• 3. The active centre of papaya peptidase A was investigated by using 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide and 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan as reactivity probes [25].
• Hydroxyproline in hydroxyprolyl3-bradykinin was assigned as trans-4-hydroxyproline by comparison of the retention times on reversed-phase HPLC with isomers of hydroxyproline after derivatization with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole chloride [26].
• The aurovertin-resistant mutants did not show cross-resistance towards a number of ATPase inhibitors including azide, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, quercetin, 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzofurazan, and N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline [27].

Gene context of Nbd chloride

• 4. Two equivalents of 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole were sufficient to inhibit about 80% of the ATPase activity of the coupling factor, irrespective of whether it contained two of five subunits [28].
• 1. 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (Nbd chloride) was used as a reactivity probe to characterize the active centres of papin (EC 3.4.22.2), ficin (EC 3.4.22.3) and bromelain (EC 3.4.22.4) [29].
• Residues in P-glycoprotein catalytic sites that react with the inhibitor 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole [30].
• The membrane-bound inorganic pyrophosphatase (EC 3.6.1.1) from Rhodospirillum rubrum has been investigated with the tools of enzyme kinetics, and with two amino acid reagents, N-ethyl-maleimide (MalNET) and 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (Nbf-Cl) [31].
• Total hydroxyproline determination in urine hydrolysates is carried out by reaction of the imino acid with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan after clean-up on a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge of the o-phthalaldehyde-treated sample, high-performance liquid chromatographic separation and fluorometric quantitation of the derivative [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Nbd chloride

• Quantification of collagen synthesis by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography utilizing 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan derivatives [33].
• Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to characterize the binding of the fluorescent dye 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD) to the functionalized surface of the TiO2 nanorods [34].
• Capillary electrophoresis with simultaneous ultraviolet absorbance and laser-induced fluorescence detection is applied to identify and quantify selected amines in beer following derivatization with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole [35].
• ECF1 from the alpha subunit-defective mutant uncA401, or after treatment with N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan, was present in a conformation in which the gamma subunit was readily accessible to trypsin and could not be protected by the presence of ATP and MgCl2 [36].
• Intramonomer fluorescence energy transfer between the donor epsilon-ATP bound to the nucleotide-binding site and the acceptor 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole bound to Cys-373 in G-actin was measured by steady-state fluorimetry [37].

References