Disease relevance of 2,2'-BIPYRIDINE

• Evaluation of a new bipyridine inotropic agent--milrinone--in patients with severe congestive heart failure [1].
• Thus, E. coli harboring a plasmid containing the mutated sodA gene (pSNM6) were uninducible by paraquat in aerobiosis or by 2,2'-dipyridyl in aerobiosis or anaerobiosis [2].
• The potent vasodilating properties of the bipyridine derivatives confounds the assessment of changes in contractility as measured by peak positive left ventricular dP/dt and explains why the positive inotropic action of these agents has not been consistently demonstrated in patients with ventricular dysfunction [3].
• Amrinone, a bipyridine compound, has been shown to exert a positive inotropic effect on the heart, without producing cardiac arrhythmias [4].
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain K437 is defective in the production of a 90kDa ferripyoverdine receptor and is unable to grow in an iron-deficient medium in the presence of the non-metabolizable iron chelator 2,2'-dipyridyl (0.25 mM) [5].

High impact information on 2,2'-BIPYRIDINE

• The injury was prevented by catalase which removes H2O2 and by cell-permeable, metal-chelating agents such as desferrioxamine or bipyridine [6].
• Pulse label and chase experiments revealed that coprecipitated procollagen was detectable as long as procollagen was present in the endoplasmic reticulum of alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl-treated cells [7].
• When cells were heat shocked, or when stable triple-helix formation was inhibited by treatment with alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl, coprecipitation of procollagen with HSP47 was increased [7].
• Fur recently was found to regulate hmp in Salmonella typhimurium, and in Escherichia coli, the iron-chelating agent 2,2'-dipyridyl induces hmp expression [8].
• In addition, we demonstrate that the binding of DtxR to a diphtheria tox promoter/operator probe requires the addition of Mn2+ to the reaction mixture; however, binding may be blocked by addition of the chelator 2,2'-dipyridyl, anti-DtxR antiserum, and excess unlabeled probe to the reaction mixture [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of 2,2'-BIPYRIDINE

• To elucidate the mechanisms by which the new bipyridine inotropic agent milrinone improves cardiac function, we examined multiple indexes of left ventricular diastolic function before and after administration of milrinone to patients with advanced (NYHA class III or IV) congestive heart failure [10].
• Because current iron overload therapy uses only Fe(3+) chelators, such as desferrioxamine (DFO), we have tested a hypothesis that addition of a Fe(2+) chelator, 2,2'-dipyridyl (DP), may be more efficient and effective in preventing iron-induced oxidative damage in human liver HepG2 cells than DFO alone [11].
• Quantitative PCR assays for reverse transcription intermediates showed that NEM and 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide (aldrithiol-2), a reagent which inactivates retroviruses through oxidation of cysteines in internal virion proteins such as NC, blocked HIV-1 reverse transcription prior to the formation of minus-strand strong-stop products [12].
• The rapid decline in viable counts of Aeromonas cells in the oxidizing raw groundwater of Snellegem was prevented by the addition of an Fe2+ chelator (2,2'-dipyridyl) or compounds (i.e., ascorbic acid and catalase) that act on toxic oxygen species [13].
• The presence of such "iron-transport plasmids" in E. coli cells that are defective in enterochelin-mediated transport of iron enabled them to grow in media to which 2,2'-dipyridyl had been added to reduce availability of iron [14].

Biological context of 2,2'-BIPYRIDINE

• Short-term labeling experiments and treatment with alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl (which prevents posttranslational prolyl and lysyl hydroxylation) demonstrated that these cells produce two distinct pro alpha 1(I) chains, which are synthesized at the same rate [15].
• This pretranslational inhibition of collagen synthesis was not due to decreased lipid peroxidation, because thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were unchanged by alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl [16].
• Labeling of cysteine 231 in acetylcholinesterase from Torpedo nobiliana by the active-site directed reagent, 1-bromo-2-[14C] pinacolone. Effects of 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide and other sulfhydryl reagents [17].
• Taking into account the cytoplasmic localization of NapF, the presence of labile Fe-S clusters in the protein, the napF(-) strain phenotype, and the NapF-dependent reactivation of the 2,2'-dipyridyl-treated NapA, we propose a role for NapF in assembling the [4Fe-4S] center of the catalytic subunit NapA [18].
• Hydroxylation and subsequent glycosylation are inhibited by alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl (Colley, K. J., and Baenziger, U. U. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 10290-10295) [19].

Anatomical context of 2,2'-BIPYRIDINE

• Although the bipyridine agent amrinone is reported to have a positive inotropic effect on the left ventricle, the effect of this drug on right ventricular contractility in the clinical setting is unknown [20].
• When unhydroxylated collagen produced by normal control and OI fibroblasts incubated with alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl was examined, mutant OI molecules melted at a lower temperature than control [21].
• The reactions of the hemoprotein with hydroperoxides are inhibited by alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl and aniline, with which pea microsomes form binding spectra [22].
• Preexposure of mouse inflammatory peritoneal macrophages to either DHP (0.5 to 2.5 mM) or 2,2'-dipyridyl (0.1 to 0.3 mM) for 24 h produced a dose-related suppression of their response to activation by lipid A to mediate tumor cytotoxicity of L1210 mouse leukemia targets [23].
• The cytotoxic effects of 2,2'-dipyridyl on several leukemia cell lines have been reported, and a potent teratogenic effect of 2,2'-dipyridyl has been observed in rats [24].

Associations of 2,2'-BIPYRIDINE with other chemical compounds

• Xanthine oxidase-dependent iron release from ferritin, measured spectrophotometrically using the ferrous iron chelator 2,2'-dipyridyl, was also inhibited by superoxide dismutase, suggesting that superoxide can mediate the reductive release of iron from ferritin [25].
• As the same conversion occurred when proline hydroxylation was blocked by 2,2'-dipyridyl, we infer that the formation of this precursor from its component chains does not require collagen triple helix formation [26].
• The copper-free apoenzyme, prepared by dialysis of lysyl oxidase against alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl in 6 M urea, catalyzed neither the oxidative turnover of amine substrates nor the anaerobic production of aldehyde at levels stoichiometric with enzyme active site content, thus contrasting with the ping pong metalloenzyme [27].
• A luminescence sensor of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and its model compound by ruthenium-templated assembly of a bis(Zn2+-cyclen) complex having a 2,2'-bipyridyl linker (cyclen = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) [28].
• The assemblies for energy-transfer processes are constituted by an energy donor, Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)-based component (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), and by an energy-acceptor moiety, anthracene-based unit, both substituted with a chelating ligand, acetyl acetone, that via coordination with a scandium ion will ensure the formation of the dyad [29].

Gene context of 2,2'-BIPYRIDINE

• The tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, potassium bisperoxo (bipyridine) oxovanadate V, normalizes the growth rate of PRL-3 expressing cells to that of parental HEK293 cells in a concentration-dependent manner [30].
• To determine whether the aerobic and anaerobic respiratory pathways of Escherichia coli are regulated in response to iron availability, strains containing lacZ reporter fusions to the cydAB, cyoABCDE, narGHJI, dmsABC and frdABCD operons were grown in medium limited for iron by use of the chelator, 2,2'-dipyridyl [31].
• To determine if these post-translational modifications contribute to the functional integrity of human protein S (HPS), recombinant human protein S lacking Hya and Hyn (rHPSdesHya/Hyn) was purified from the medium of human kidney 293 cells that were transfected with HPS cDNA and grown in the presence of the hydroxylase inhibitor 2,2'-dipyridyl [32].
• We examined the effects of the inhibitors of C1q or collagen biosynthesis, 2,2'-dipyridyl (DP), and 3,4-dehydro-DL-proline (DHP) on murine macrophage (M phi) FcR subclass-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and phagocytosis of sheep erythrocyte targets [33].
• The SP-D translation product migrated faster than the major cellular form of SP-D but approximately 1 kDa slower than cellular SP-D synthesized in the presence of 2,2'-dipyridyl plus tunicamycin [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of 2,2'-BIPYRIDINE

• In the case of the bipyridine tripeptides, the titration stoichiometry and mass spectra indicate that the metal ions form interstrand cross-links between two oligopeptides, creating duplex structures linked exclusively by metal ions [35].
• Self-assembled M(6)L(4)-type coordination nanocage with 2,2'-bipyridine ancillary ligands. Facile crystallization and X-ray analysis of shape-selective enclathration of neutral guests in the cage [36].
• The two-dimensional ordering of a number of 2,2'-bipyridine derivatives at the liquid/solid interface has been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy [37].
• Topical application of NG-methyl-L-arginine and 2,2'-dipyridyl were used to examine the respective roles of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in solar-simulated ultraviolet radiation-induced immunosuppression in humans in vivo [38].
• Liposomes ( approximately 100-nm diameter) containing Ru(bpy)32+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) were prepared as an electrogenerated chemiluminescent (ECL) tag for a sandwich-type immunoassay of human C-reactive protein (CRP) [39].

References