Disease relevance of Atsefen

• Meclofenoxate therapy in tardive dyskinesia: a preliminary report [1].
• Centrophenoxine treatment (100 mg per kg body weight per day, for 2 months) reversed this tendency, and increased significantly the synthesis rates of old rats almost to the adult level [2].
• Further studies on the effects of centrophenoxine on lipofuscin pigment in neuroblastoma cells in culture: an electron microscopic study [3].
• Comparative effects of centrophenoxine on the picrotoxin convulsive-seizure threshold in non-irradiated and irradiated mice [4].
• Effect of centrophenoxine on water-immersion restraint stress- and chemically-induced gastric ulcers in rats [5].

Psychiatry related information on Atsefen

• Finally, retention was enhanced by several drugs which are used clinically for the treatment of memory disorders (bromocriptine, dihydroergotoxine, meclofenoxate, naftidrofuryl and piracetam) [6].
• Treatment of patients suffering from senile dementia with meclofenoxate has been reported to result in an improvement in mental performance [7].
• Effects of different drugs on the higher nervous activity in man. Meclophenoxate [8].
• When administered subchronically, centrophenoxine aggravates both the pentetrazol and the maximal electroshock seizures [9].
• Meclofenoxate administered i.p. in a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for five days prevented the retrograde amnesia observed after convulsant electroshock upon retention testing on the 3rd and 24th hr after the end of the training session [10].

High impact information on Atsefen

• Age-related decline in multiple unit action potentials of CA3 region of rat hippocampus: correlation with lipid peroxidation and lipofuscin concentration and the effect of centrophenoxine [11].
• Lipofuscin in retinal pigment epithelium of rhesus monkey: lack of diminution with centrophenoxine treatment [12].
• Short-term incubation of the cultures with 10(-3) mol/l meclofenoxate for 24 hr led to an increase in LDH, G-6-P-DH, and GDH activities [13].
• Chronic incubation with meclofenoxate (10(-3) mol/l) followed by 48 hr deprivation of the drug resulted in elevated HK, PFK, CCR, G-6-P-DH, GDH, and MDH activities [13].
• Meclofenoxate decreases protein and albumin synthesis in hepatocytes isolated from old rats [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Atsefen

• Whereas, following Centrophenoxine administration (100 mg/kg body weight/day, injected i.p) alterations in the activities of Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione reductase as well as in the reduced and oxidized glutathione content was reported in aged rat brain [15].
• In conclusion, we found no evidence to support administration of the old cholinergic agents lecithin, deanol, and meclofenoxate to patients with tardive dyskinesia [16].
• Synaptic parameters of the cerebellar glomerulus were calculated and compared with similar data obtained from old Wistar rats of the same breed treated with centrophenoxine (CPH; HelferginR, Promonta, Hamburg) in the form of intraperitoneal injections (100 mg/kg body weight) for 40 days [17].
• The effects of adafenoxate (Adf), meclofenoxate (Mf), piracetam (Pc), and citicholine (CCh) on scopolamine (Scop)--impaired memory and exploratory behavior (experiments on rats) and on physical capabilities (experiments on mice) were studied [18].
• 1. Acute effects of ethanol (0.5 g/kg of body weight) and its interactions with diazepam (5 mg) and meclophenoxate (100 mg) and placebo on the higher nervous activity were tested on a group of 16 healthy and unfatigued volunteers-university students (8 females, 8 males, aged 21 years) [19].

Biological context of Atsefen

• Correlational analyses of the data on MUA, lipid peroxidation and lipofuscin concentration from the centrophenoxine-treated animals showed that the drug-induced diminution in both lipofuscin and lipid peroxidation was significantly correlated with the drug-induced increase in MUA [11].
• Cytotoxic activity of alkylating agents in the presence of centrophenoxine and its hydrolysis products [20].
• The data suggest that alleviation of senescence by centrophenoxine may, at least, partly be due to activation by it of antioxidant enzymes [21].
• Centrophenoxine had a direct effect on membranes as shown by a significant increase in membrane fluidity [22].
• Effect of centrophenoxin on spermatogenesis in mice [23].

Anatomical context of Atsefen

• Centrophenoxine effects were studied on the three above-mentioned age-associated changes in the hippocampus [11].
• The effects of centrophenoxine on the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of 17 month old female mice have been studied [24].
• The results are interpreted in terms of the membrane hypothesis of aging, attributing a free-radical scavenger function of the dimethylamino-ethanol incorporated into the nerve cell membrane from the centrophenoxine [2].
• Cytochemical interaction of nucleolus and cytoplasm in the Purkinje cells of senile white rats under the influence of centrophenoxine [25].
• Effect of centrophenoxine and BCE-001 treatment on lateral diffusion of proteins in the hepatocyte plasma membrane as revealed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching in rat liver smears [26].

Associations of Atsefen with other chemical compounds

• Nonlinear-regression analysis was applied to estimate the kinetic parameters for the solid-state hydrolysis of meclofenoxate hydrochloride [2-(dimethylamino)ethyl (4-chlorophenoxy)acetate hydrochloride; 1] and propantheline bromide [(2-hydroxyethyl)diisopropylmethylammonium bromide xanthene-9-carboxylate; 2] [27].
• Stability of solid dosage forms. II. Hydrolysis of meclofenoxate hydrochloride in commercial tablets [28].
• Membranes of different age groups of mice were labeled with the 5-doxyl stearic acid spin-label and membrane fluidity determined in the presence and absence of different concentrations of centrophenoxine [22].
• The majority of experiments involved comparative studies of the nootropic drugs meclofenoxate and/or piracetam [29].
• The effects of ATP, cytochrome C, meclofenoxate and CDP-choline on the central nervous system were studied electrophysiologically in rabbits [30].

Gene context of Atsefen

• Centrophenoxine activates acetylcholinesterase activity in hippocampus of aged rats [31].
• This was then followed by a treatment for 8 weeks with the nootropic drug, centrophenoxine (CPH), the dose of which was 2 g/day distributed in 2 x 2 tablets of Helfergin500 (Promonta, Hamburg, FRG), or with placebo tablets of identical size, then the NAI test was repeated again [32].
• On acute effects of some drugs on the higher nervous activity in man. Ethanol (0.5 g/kg) and its interaction with diazepam (5 mg) and meclophenoxate (100 mg). Part LVIII [19].
• The effects of four nootropic drugs (piracetam, aniracetam, meclofenoxate and fipexide) on the impaired cognitive functions by the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) were investigated in albino rats [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Atsefen

• These methods were then used to investigate the effects of daily (5 days per week) intraperitoneal injections of meclofenoxate or dihydroergotoxine, over a period of 12 weeks, before sacrifice at 13.5 months [34].
• Analysis of meclofenoxate and its degradation products by high performance liquid chromatography [35].
• Intravenous injection of centrophenoxine and p-chlorophenoxyacetate to pregnant animals causes inhibition of cholinephosphotransferase activity in adult lung but not in fetal lung [36].
• However, direct administration of centrophenoxine to the fetus after laparotomy causes inhibition of both subcellular enzyme activity in fetal lung [36].
• A double-blind study of the effects of meclofenoxate on memory performance of fit, able, elderly subjects was carried out [37].

References