Disease relevance of Titanocene dichloride

• We have examined the in vitro activity of titanocene dichloride in two pairs of platinum-sensitive and resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell lines, A2780/2780CP and CH1/CH1cisR, and in mutated p53- and bcl-2-transfected clones of A2780 cells [1].
• The findings of the present study confirm the tumor-inhibiting activity of titanocene complexes against human GI adenocarcinomas [2].
• Phase II trial of titanocene dichloride in advanced renal-cell carcinoma [3].
• Pattern of toxicity by titanocene dichloride in mice. Blood and urine chemical parameters [4].
• Immunologic response to the treatment of Ehrlich ascites tumor with titanocene dichloride [5].

High impact information on Titanocene dichloride

• Phase I trial of weekly scheduling and pharmacokinetics of titanocene dichloride in patients with advanced cancer [6].
• The mechanism of titanocene mediated 3-exo cyclizations was investigated by a combined theoretical and experimental study [7].
• The titanocene silyl hydride complexes [Ti(Cp)(2)(PMe(3))(H)(SiR(3))] [SiR(3)=SiMePhCl (6), SiPh(2)Cl (7), SiMeCl(2) (8), SiCl(3) (9)] were prepared by HSiR(3) addition to [Ti(Cp)(2)(PMe(3))(2)] and were studied by NMR and IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (for 6, 8, and 9), and DFT calculations [8].
• Ti(IV) uptake and release by human serum transferrin and recognition of Ti(IV)-transferrin by cancer cells: understanding the mechanism of action of the anticancer drug titanocene dichloride [9].
• Detailed knowledge of the mechanism of hydrolysis of titanocene dichloride and its stability in the infusion liquid is a prerequisite for clinical tests and for a successful application for permission as medication [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Titanocene dichloride

• It is supposed that the augmentation of cortisol in the serum is due to a rapid release of cortisol from the suprarenal glands after application of titanocene dichloride, thus mediating indirectly the induction of cleft palate in mice [11].
• Significant body weight changes were not observed in the comparison of the remaining treated groups (cisplatin: alpha = -0.4552, vinorelbine: alpha = -0.5606, titanocene dichloride 3x30 mg/kg: alpha = -0.6173 to the control group [12].
• The antitumor activity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and of two metallocene derivatives, titanocene dichloride (C5H5)2TiCl2 and titanocene dibromide (C5H5)2TiBr2, was investigated against a human colon adenocarcinoma heterotransplanted to athymic mice [13].

Biological context of Titanocene dichloride

• Titanocene dichloride induced a block in late S/early G2 phase of the cell cycle; however apoptotic cell death occurred from any phase of cycle [1].
• Treatment of these animals with TITANOCENE X (2.5-50 mg/kg/day) produced an increase in myelopoiesis, in a dose-dependent manner, and reduced spleen colony formation [14].
• All three complexes undergo clean and facile hydrogenation at 23 degrees C, yielding the titanocene hydroxy hydride complexes (eta5-C5Me4R)2Ti(OH)H [15].
• Gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory have been utilized to investigate the interactions between the p orbitals of dithiolate ligands and d orbitals of titanium in bent titanocene complexes as minimum molecular models of active site features of pyranopterin Mo/W enzymes [16].
• The experimental antitumor agent titanocene dichloride inhibited collagenase type IV from Walker 256 carcinosarcoma with IC50 approximately 0.2 mM [17].

Anatomical context of Titanocene dichloride

• A time- and concentration-dependent anti-proliferative effect was observed in all cell lines treated with titanocene dichloride [1].
• The effects of the [Ti IV (C(5)H(5))(2) NCS(2)] metallocene (BCDT), a Titanocene Dichloride derivative, on the growth and differentiation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells [colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM)] and bone marrow cellularity in normal and Ehrlich ascites tumour-bearing mice were studied [18].
• In addition, the treatment of EAT-bearing mice with 3 doses of 20 or 50 mg/kg TITANOCENE X restored to normal values the reduced Natural killer cell function observed during tumour growth [14].
• Tumor inhibition by titanocene complexes: influence on xenografted human adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract [2].
• Titanocene dichloride, which is an active antitumor agent against solid but not blood-borne tumors, suppresses angiogenesis and inhibits biosynthesis of collagenous proteins in the in vivo system of the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo [19].

Associations of Titanocene dichloride with other chemical compounds

• Intracellular localization of titanium within xenografted sensitive human tumors after treatment with the antitumor agent titanocene dichloride [20].
• Abstract Reactions between the anticancer drug titanocene dichloride (Cp2TiCl2) and various nucleotides and their constituents in aqueous solution or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) have been investigated by 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state by IR spectroscopy [21].
• The maximum tolerable dose of Titanocene Y was determined to be 40 mg/kg and it showed significantly better tumor volume growth reduction than cisplatin given at a dose of 2 mg/kg [22].
• Different inhibition pattern of the nucleic acid metabolism after in vitro treatment with titanocene and vanadocene dichlorides [23].
• Quantitative analysis of dimethyl titanocene by iodometric titration, gas chromatography and NMR [24].

Gene context of Titanocene dichloride

• In agreement with this finding, p53 accumulated rapidly in drug-treated A2780 cells, indicative of a role for titanocene dichloride as a DNA-damaging agent [1].
• Tumor inhibition by titanocene complexes. Activity against B16 melanoma and colon 38 carcinoma [25].
• PURPOSE: In this study the relationship between therapy with paclitaxel, cisplatin, vinorelbine and titanocene dichloride and of the expression of proliferation markers (ki67 and S-phase fraction) and tumour suppressor gene p53 was analyzed using a human ovarian cancer xenograft model [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Titanocene dichloride

• Titanocene dichloride 1 has been the most widely studied metallocene and the drug is currently in phase II clinical trials [27].
• Investigation of 45Ti-transferrin was pursued to provide insight into the mechanism of action of titanocene dichloride, a chemotherapeutic agent currently in clinical trials [28].
• Determination of titanocene, a new drug with anticancer potential, and its metabolism in solution by capillary electrophoresis [10].
• The potent in vivo anti-tumour activity of this compound, supported by the encouraging results from two phase I clinical trials, suggests that titanocene dichloride could be a promising novel chemotherapeutic agent [1].
• The animals were divided into six treatment groups: cisplatin 3 x 4 mg/kg, paclitaxel 5 x 26 mg/kg, vinorelbine 1 x 20 mg/kg, titanocene dichloride 3 x 30 mg/kg, titanocene dichloride 3 x 40 mg/kg and a control group treated with 0.9% saline [29].

References