Disease relevance of 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde

• Lys13 plays a crucial role in the functional adaptation of the thermophilic triose-phosphate isomerase from Bacillus stearothermophilus to high temperatures [1].
• The thermophilic triose-phosphate isomerases (TIMs) of Bacillus stearothermophilus (bTIM) and Thermotoga maritima (tTIM) have been found to possess a His12-Lys13 pair instead of the Asn12-Gly13 pair normally present in mesophilic TIMs [1].
• In contrast, triose phosphate contents in the leaves of E. coli ppa transformants were either similar or slightly decreased when compared with wild type leaves [2].
• We review our research on triose-phosphate isomerase and bacteriophage T4 lysozyme [3].
• In spite of this important deficiency, and of significant metabolic alterations (a slight decrease in ATP; 2,3-diphosphoglycerate; triose phosphate), hemolysis did not appear in the propositus [4].

High impact information on 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde

• However, enzymes involved in triose phosphate reduction and triose phosphate isomerase are primarily located in the M chloroplasts, indicating that the M-localized triose phosphate shuttle should be viewed as part of the BS-localized Calvin cycle, rather than a parallel pathway [5].
• Expression of the functional mature chloroplast triose phosphate translocator in yeast internal membranes and purification of the histidine-tagged protein by a single metal-affinity chromatography step [6].
• In the propositus, erythrocyte ATP concentration was normal, although 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and triose phosphate levels were moderately increased [7].
• The modeling of the enzymatic catalytic cycle for three examples--methane monooxygenase, cytochrome P450, and triose phosphate isomerase--are discussed in some depth, followed by a brief summary of other systems that have been investigated by ab initio methods over the past several years [8].
• We conclude that zonation of other processes than glycerol phosphorylation contributes to the heterogeneity of triose phosphate labeling from glycerol in rat liver [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde

• Changes in the levels of hexose and triose phosphate intermediates of glycolysis indicated an activation of glycolysis within the 1st h of anoxia exposure in brain, heart, and skeletal muscles [10].
• The triose-phosphate site of homogeneous reconstituted sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase of Escherichia coli [11].

Biological context of 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde

• This could possibly suggest that the B-cell dysfunction in rats with NIDDM involves a block in glucose metabolism in the early steps of glycolysis prior to the triose-phosphate [12].
• Gluconeogenesis and intrahepatic triose phosphate flux in response to fasting or substrate loads. Application of the mass isotopomer distribution analysis technique with testing of assumptions and potential problems [13].
• Amino acid sequences have been compared for thermophilic and mesophilic molecules from six different protein families, which include lactate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, triose phosphate isomerases, superoxide dismutases, thermolysins and subtilisins [14].
• The active site lies in a cleft between the N-terminal and barrel domains; when the active sites of muconate lactonizing enzyme and triose phosphate isomerase are superimposed, barrel-strand 1 of triose phosphate isomerase is aligned with barrel-strand 3 of muconate lactonizing enzyme [15].
• Control of carbon partitioning and photosynthesis by the triose phosphate/phosphate translocator in transgenic tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum). II. Assessment of control coefficients of the triose phosphate/phosphate translocator [16].

Anatomical context of 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde

• 3. The distribution of 14C in the carbon atoms of glucose 6-phosphate following the metabolism of [4,5,6-14C]- and [2-14C]glucose indicate that gluconeogenesis from triose phosphate and non-oxidative formation of pentose 5-phosphate do not contribute significantly to randomization of 14C in isolated hepatocytes [17].
• Distribution of enzymes of glycolysis in plastids and soluble phase of sycamore protoplasts indicated that the absolute maximum activity for each glycolytic enzyme under optimum conditions exceeded the estimates of the maximal rate at which sycamore cells oxidize triose phosphate [18].
• Glucose had little inhibitory effect on the expression of triose phosphate/phosphate translocator gene when hexokinase activity was reduced or eliminated by transforming wheat protoplasts with a hexokinase antisense construct or treating protoplasts with glucosamine, an inhibitor of hexokinase [19].
• Aldolase inhibited subtilisin cleavage of the C-terminals while triose phosphate isomerase, an enzyme that does not interact with microtubules, did not affect subtilisin activity [20].
• The activities of the glycolytic enzymes were greatly in excess of the observed flux through the pathway and high concentrations of glucose 6-phosphate and triose phosphate accumulated in rat spermatozoa incubated with 2 mM-D-glucose [21].

Associations of 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde with other chemical compounds

• The triose phosphate 3-phosphoglycerate phosphate translocator (TPT) is a chloroplast envelope inner membrane protein whose transit peptide has structural properties typical of a mitochondrial presequence [22].
• Cloning and in vivo expression of functional triose phosphate/phosphate translocators from C3- and C4-plants: evidence for the putative participation of specific amino acid residues in the recognition of phosphoenolpyruvate [23].
• The reaction that is accelerated by long-term glucagon incubation is located prior to the triose-phosphate level since long-term incubation with glucagon fails to increase glucose production from dihydroxyacetone any more than does short-term incubation [24].
• The red cell total triose phosphate peaked and fell initially, followed by glucose-6-phosphate and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate suggesting inhibition of phosphofructokinase activity and a decrease in glycolysis secondary to decreased red cell intracellular pH [25].
• The inhibition of these triose phosphates in cooperation with the reactivating effect of ferredoxin and the fluctuations of both the enzyme and the triose phosphate levels may efficiently regulate the pyruvate formate-lyase activity in S. mutans in vivo [26].

Gene context of 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde

• X-ray crystallography study revealed that Ym1 has a beta/alpha barrel structure with a carbohydrate-binding cleft similar to that of triose-phosphate isomerases [27].
• Glucose inhibits the expression of triose phosphate/phosphate translocator gene in wheat via hexokinase-dependent mechanism [19].
• Interactions of the glycolytic enzymes glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, triose-phosphate isomerase, enolase, phosphoglycerate mutase, phosphoglycerate kinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase type-M, and lactate dehydrogenase type-H with tubulin and microtubules were studied [28].
• Under these conditions only about one-quarter of the total triose phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglycerate kinase appears in the microsomal fraction [29].
• The primary sequences of the chloroplast triose phosphate/phosphate translocator precursor proteins from C4-plants (maize mesophyll cells and Flaveria trinervia) and from the C3-type Flaveria pringlei were determined [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde

• The triose phosphate isomerase (tim) gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique [30].

References