Disease relevance of phosphoglycerate

• Structure and mechanism of action of a novel phosphoglycerate mutase from Bacillus stearothermophilus [1].
• Membrane vesicles from Salmonella typhimurium induced for phosphoglycerate transport, were loaded with pyruvate kinase and ADP by lysing spheroplasts under appropriate conditions [2].
• By using pBR322 as vector and Escherichia coli as host, a fragment of S. typhimurium DNA coding for the phosphoglycerate transport system has been cloned [2].
• Molecular abnormality of phosphoglycerate kinase-Uppsala associated with chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia [3].
• The cold-active phosphoglycerate kinase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. TACII18 exhibits two distinct stability domains in the free, open conformation [4].

Psychiatry related information on phosphoglycerate

• In the other case, which is associated with chronic hemolytic anemia and mental retardation (PGK Amiens), an A-->T nucleotide interchange was found at position 571 in cDNA (exon 5); this leads to amino acid substitution 163 Asp-->Val in the N-terminal domain, which contains the catalytic site for phosphoglycerate binding [5].

High impact information on phosphoglycerate

• The most plausible binding site for the phosphoglycerate substrate is on the other domain about 10 A from the ATP, which implies the possibility of a large scale hinge-bending of the domains to bring the two substrates together in a water-free environment for catalysis [6].
• Topogenesis of microbody enzymes: a sequence comparison of the genes for the glycosomal (microbody) and cytosolic phosphoglycerate kinases of Trypanosoma brucei [7].
• Here, we have investigated whether ex vivo preselection of retrovirally transduced stem cells on the basis of expression of the green fluorescent protein driven by the CpG island phosphoglycerate kinase promoter can ensure subsequent long-term expression of a cis-linked beta-globin gene in the erythroid lineage of transplanted mice [8].
• Mobility-shift DNA binding and DNase I footprint assays indicated that purified TroR bound to a 22-nt region of dyad symmetry that overlaps the -10 region of the promoter of the tro operon, which contains the genes for a putative metal transport system, the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase, and TroR [9].
• A phosphoglycerate kinase-neomycin gene cassette was also inserted into the 3'-flanking region of GC as a selectable marker, at a site later identified as the terminal exon of metaxin [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of phosphoglycerate

• E. coli membrane vesicles containing the phosphoglycerate transport system also catalyze transport in the presence of phosphoenolpyruvate when they are loaded with pyruvate kinase and ADP [2].
• Purification and properties of the manganese-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase of Bacillus subtilis [11].
• An operon encoding three glycolytic enzymes in Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase and triosephosphate isomerase [12].
• Effects of thyroid hormone and hypoxia on 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, bisphosphoglycerate synthase and phosphoglycerate mutase in rabbit erythroblasts and reticulocytes in vivo [13].
• Kinetic control of phosphoglycerate mutase from Flavobacterium sp. grown on ethylene glycol [14].

Biological context of phosphoglycerate

• Phosphoglycerate-dependent protein phosphorylation in islets may have relevance to stimulation of insulin secretion [15].
• We discovered enzyme activities in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagellum that catalyze three steps of the lower half of glycolysis (phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, and pyruvate kinase) [16].
• The genes controlling synthesis of the phosphoglycerate transport system (pgt genes) appeared to map at about 74 min on the Salmonella chromosome [17].
• Homology searches and alignment-assisted mutagenesis revealed that the catalytic core of NPPs assumes a fold similar to that of a superfamily of phospho-/sulfo-coordinating metalloenzymes comprising alkaline phosphatases, phosphoglycerate mutases, and arysulfatases [18].
• Nucleotide sequence of the phosphoglycerate kinase gene from Bacillus megaterium [19].

Anatomical context of phosphoglycerate

• Previous reports have suggested the possibility of extensive structural homology between human erythrocyte bisphosphoglycerate synthase (glycerate-1,3-P2 leads to glycerate-2,3-P2) and phosphoglycerate mutase (glycerate-3-P in equilibrium glycerate-2-P) [20].
• We found that the combination of Rh-MLV LTR and a partial gag sequence of MoMLV (Deltagag(871-1612)) in CS-Rh-MLV-E gave the highest level of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene expression compared with MLV, MSV LTR, phosphoglycerate kinase, and CMV promoters in T-cell lines, as well as activated primary T cells [21].
• An antibody to red cell phosphoglycerate kingase caused complete inhibition of the purified enzyme, whereas a portion of the phophoglycerate kinase activity of the red cell membranes was resistant to the antibody [22].
• Phosphoglycerate kinase B from ram testis. Purification, characterisation and comparison with the muscle isoenzyme [23].
• Two chloroplast phosphoglycerate kinase isoforms from the photosynthetic flagellate Euglena gracilis were purified to homogeneity, partially sequenced, and subsequently cDNAs encoding phosphoglycerate kinase isoenzymes from both the chloroplast and cytosol of E. gracilis were cloned and sequenced [24].

Associations of phosphoglycerate with other chemical compounds

• The nematode enzymes possess the catalytic serine, and other key amino acids proposed for catalysis and recombinant enzymes showed typical phosphoglycerate mutase activities in both the glycolytic and gluconeogenic directions [25].
• The results indicate a common binding site on the enzyme for citrate, 3-P-glycerate, and P-enolpyruvate that is distinct from the ATP inhibitory site [26].
• Thus, in cells grown on ethanol both expression and activity of all SER-encoded proteins are low, including the remaining enzymes of the phosphoglycerate pathway, Ser1p and Ser2p [27].
• The glycol decreased kcat from 80 to 8.5 s-1 (pH 7.5, 4 degrees C), but the Km for 3-P-glycerate and ATP and the equilibrium constants in the scheme were little affected [28].
• Yeast phosphoglycerate mutate. Cyanogen bromide cleavage and amino acid sequence of an active-site peptide [29].

Gene context of phosphoglycerate

• Ser3p (Yer081wp) and Ser33p (Yil074cp) are phosphoglycerate dehydrogenases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae [27].
• Overexpression of PrPC by injection of rAd (replication-defective recombinant adenoviral)-PGK (phosphoglycerate kinase)-PrPC-Flag into ischemic rat brain improved neurological behavior and reduced the volume of cerebral infarction, which is supportive of a role for PrPC in the neuroprotective adaptive cellular response to ischemic lesions [30].
• Lack of neighborhood effects from a transcriptionally active phosphoglycerate kinase-neo cassette located between the murine beta-major and beta-minor globin genes [31].
• PGK is mixed with 3-P-glycerate and [gamma-32P]ATP in a rapid flow quench apparatus [28].
• The pH dependence of the kinetic parameters for Mg-enolase shows a single break in the plot of pKm, PGA vs pH at pH 6.27 with a pH independence above pH 7 [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of phosphoglycerate

• Because of the critical nature of the experiments described, Sigma phosphoglycerate mutase was carefully examined for the possible occurrence of phosphorylated enzyme, using isotope-labeling techniques [33].
• Insights into the catalytic mechanism of cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase from X-ray crystallography, simulated dynamics and molecular modeling [34].
• Western blot using an antibody against phosphoglycerate mutase-B revealed the presence of the 38-kDa protein in the anti-ubiquitin immunoprecipitates derived from the tumor regions, but not from normal counterparts [35].
• Thermodynamic study of phosphoglycerate kinase from Thermotoga maritima and its isolated domains: reversible thermal unfolding monitored by differential scanning calorimetry and circular dichroism spectroscopy [36].
• Isolation of phosphoglycerate kinases by affinity chromatography [37].

References