Disease relevance of D02076

• CONCLUSIONS: Topically applied twice daily for 12 months, brimonidine tartrate 0.2% was safe and effective in lowering IOP in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension [1].
• A randomized, investigator-masked, 4-week study comparing timolol maleate 0.5%, brinzolamide 1%, and brimonidine tartrate 0.2% as adjunctive therapies to travoprost 0.004% in adults with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension [2].
• Anterior uveitis and concurrent allergic conjunctivitis associated with long-term use of topical 0.2% brimonidine tartrate [3].
• CONCLUSIONS: Brimonidine tartrate caused significant miosis, especially under scotopic conditions, most likely from its alpha-2 adrenergic effect [4].
• We have investigated in adult Sprague-Dawley rats the neuroprotective effects of two alpha-2-selective agonists [AGN 191,103 (AGN) and brimonidine tartrate (BMD)] on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival after transient retinal ischemia [5].

High impact information on D02076

• Changes in intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion pressure after latanoprost 0.005% or brimonidine tartrate 0.2% in normal-tension glaucoma patients [6].
• OBJECTIVE: To determine the vitreous concentration of brimonidine after topical administration of Alphagan [7].
• Twelve-month results of an ongoing randomized trial comparing brimonidine tartrate 0.2% and timolol 0.5% given twice daily in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Brimonidine Study Group 2 [1].
• The effect of brimonidine tartrate eye drops on survival of retinal ganglion cell axons in this experimental paradigm was studied [8].
• METHODS: In 2 identical, 12-month, randomized, double-masked multicenter trials, patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma were treated with fixed brimonidine-timolol twice daily (n = 385), 0.2% brimonidine tartrate 3 times daily (n = 382), or 0.5% timolol maleate twice daily (n = 392) [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of D02076

• Bimatoprost (Lumigan [Allergan, Inc, Irvine CA]) and travoprost (Travatan [Alcon, Ft Worth, TX]) are two new intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering drugs for use in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension [10].
• PURPOSE: To evaluate the intraocular pressure- (IOP-) lowering efficacy of bimatoprost 0.03% (Lumigan, Allergan, Inc.) monotherapy in the treatment of patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension not currently using ocular hypotensives [11].
• The keywords utilized were prostaglandin analogs, prostaglandins, prostamide, glaucoma, ocular hypertension, intraocular pressure, side effects, adverse effects, bimatoprost, latanoprost, lumigan, and xalatan [12].
• Comparison of the clinical success rates and quality of life effects of brimonidine tartrate 0.2% and betaxolol 0.25% suspension in patients with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Brimonidine Outcomes Study Group II [13].
• PURPOSE: To assess the acute intraocular hypotensive efficacy of brimonidine tartrate 0.2% (a highly selective alpha2-adrenergic agonist) compared with dorzolamide 2% (a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) as adjunct therapy to topical beta-blockers in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma [14].

Biological context of D02076

• BACKGROUND: Brimonidine tartrate is a relatively selective alpha2-agonist that effectively reduces mean intraocular pressure (IOP) and the incidence of IOP spikes after laser trabeculoplasty [15].
• The following tests were performed at 2 weekly intervals on both treatments, 0.2% brimonidine tartrate and the placebo: intraocular pressure, heart rate, blood pressure, and color Doppler ultrasound [16].
• CONCLUSIONS: Once-daily use of brimonidine tartrate to prevent dark-induced pupil dilation can lead to tachyphylaxis and rebound mydriasis [17].
• Brimonidine tartrate, an alpha-2 agonist which is commonly used in glaucoma to protect retinal ganglion cells from pressure related ischaemia induced cell apoptosis, is administered in very early stage of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy to reduce ischaemia at the capillary bed of retina [18].

Anatomical context of D02076

• RESULTS: Velocities and resistivity indices measured by color Doppler ultrasound in the ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery, nasal artery, and temporal ciliary arteries showed no statistically significant differences between the placebo and 0.2% brimonidine tartrate when compared with baseline values and between the groups [16].
• The application in blood serum and eye aqueous humor of patients treated with the Alphagan ophthalmic solution was carried out by enrichment of samples in brimonidine with solid-phase liquid extraction [19].
• BACKGROUND: To investigate the vasoactive effect of bimatoprost (Lumigan), a new topical ocular hypotensive agent, in isolated porcine ciliary arteries [20].
• We report a case of hypertrichosis of the eyelashes caused by the prostamide bimatoprost (Lumigan; Allergan, Inc, Irvine, Calif), a new IOP-lowering drug [21].

Associations of D02076 with other chemical compounds

• OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of 0.2% brimonidine tartrate and 0.5% timolol maleate (fixed brimonidine-timolol) compared with the component medications [9].
• The changes in intraocular pressure and pupil size in glaucomatous dogs were evaluated after instillations of 0.03% bimatoprost (Lumigan, Allergan, Irvine, CA USA) once in the morning, or once in the evening, or twice daily in five day multiple dose studies [22].
• METHODS: Estimated yearly costs and cost per treatment success for bimatoprost ophthalmic solution 0.03% once daily (Lumigan), Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) were compared with those for latanoprost ophthalmic solution 0.005% once daily (Xalatan), Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY, USA) [23].
• Clonidine hydrochloride, apraclonidine hydrochloride, and brimonidine tartrate constitute the three topical alpha agonists that are used in the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure [24].

Gene context of D02076

• SETTING: Ophthalmic Health Center, Tel Aviv, Israel. METHODS: The pupil size was measured in 36 eyes of 36 participants under scotopic and photopic conditions using the Colvard pupillometer (Oasis Medical) before and after brimonidine tartrate drops were administered [4].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of D02076

• METHODS: From September 28, 1999, to November 4, 1999, 39 eyes of 20 consecutive patients had a single drop of brimonidine tartrate 0.2% instilled into their operative eye(s) before LASIK [25].
• METHODS: Brimonidine tartrate (0.2%) was given topically twice daily for 1 week to one eye in a randomized, double-masked study [26].
• CONCLUSION: Prophylactic treatment with brimonidine tartrate 0.2% 2 times a day for 2 days was effective in reducing IOP peaks throughout the first 24 hours after phacoemulsification surgery [27].
• Group 2 animals received 0.15% brimonidine tartrate eye drops twice a day for 14 days after photocoagulation injury [8].
• Clinical trials were conducted to evaluate brimonidine tartrate, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, for treating chronically elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and the prophylactic treatment of acute pressure rises [28].

References