Disease relevance of D01964

• Toxicity of latanoprost and travoprost commercial solutions was statistically significantly lower than their respective BAC concentrations (P < 0.01), whereas bimatoprost induced no significant effects [1].
• Travoprost is safe and well tolerated in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension [2].
• Ocular hypotensive efficacy of bimatoprost 0.03% and travoprost 0.004% in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension [3].
• The most frequently experienced adverse events in the travoprost group were ocular hyperemia (9.3%), foreign body sensation (5.6%), abnormal vision (1.9%), allergic reaction (1.9%), conjunctivitis (1.9%), dacryocystitis (1.9%), eye discharge (1.9%), eye pruritus (1.9%), lid edema (1.9%), lid erythema (1.9%), and tearing (1.9%) [4].
• Acute anterior uveitis and corneal edema associated with travoprost [5].

High impact information on D01964

• PURPOSE: This study analyzes additional mechanisms behind the ocular hypotensive effect of prostaglandin F (PGF) receptor (FP receptor) agonists PGF2alpha and fluprostenol (fluprostenol-isopropyl ester [travoprost]), which reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma probably by enhancing uveoscleral flow [6].
• METHODS: Human conjunctiva-derived epithelial cells from the Chang cell line were exposed to three prostaglandins in their commercial presentation (latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost) and to three concentrations of BAC (0.02%, 0.015%, and 0.005%), corresponding to the concentrations contained in the three prostaglandin eyedrops [1].
• Bimatoprost, travoprost, latanoprost, unoprostone isopropyl ester, and their respective free acids were shown to be FP agonists in the h-TM cells [7].
• OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy of once-daily travoprost (0.0015% and 0.004%) to twice-daily timolol 0.5% [2].
• A 6-week, double-masked, parallel-group study of the efficacy and safety of travoprost 0.004% compared with latanoprost 0:005%/timolol 0.5% in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension [4].

Chemical compound and disease context of D01964

• A randomized, investigator-masked, 4-week study comparing timolol maleate 0.5%, brinzolamide 1%, and brimonidine tartrate 0.2% as adjunctive therapies to travoprost 0.004% in adults with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension [8].
• Patients' and physicians' perceptions of the travoprost dosing aid: an open-label, multicenter study of adherence with prostaglandin analogue therapy for open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension [9].
• Ocular hypotensive efficacy and safety of brinzolamide ophthalmic suspension 1% added to travoprost ophthalmic solution 0.004% therapy in patients with openangle glaucoma or ocular hypertension [10].
• OBJECTIVE: To review available data related to the use of prostaglandin analogs (bimatoprost, latanoprost, travoprost, unoprostone) in the management of ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma [11].
• Comparison of the efficacy and safety of travoprost with a fixed-combination of dorzolamide and timolol in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension [12].

Biological context of D01964

• Few studies have been performed with brimonidine, travoprost, and bimatoprost, and it is suggested that more attention should be given to studies with these agents, as about 30% of patients with open angles and glaucomatous visual field defects have normal-tension glaucoma [13].
• The mean IOPs in the supine position throughout the first and the second 24-h period of the week 2 visit as well as for the 48-h visit were statistically lower (p < 0.05) for the travoprost group [14].
• RESULTS: Travoprost and bimatoprost did not cause significant reductions in systolic blood pressure during exercise and recovery [15].

Anatomical context of D01964

• CONCLUSION: Bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost use may lead to disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier in patients with pseudophakia and aphakia [16].
• Effects of travoprost on aqueous humor dynamics in monkeys [17].
• Travoprost reduced the resistive index and increased blood velocities in the ophthalmic artery and its branches [15].
• Absence of vasoactive properties of travoprost in isolated porcine ciliary arteries [18].
• Comparison of the relative toxicity of travoprost 0.004% without benzalkonium chloride and latanoprost 0.005% in an immortalized human cornea epithelial cell culture system [19].

Associations of D01964 with other chemical compounds

• Real-time intracellular Ca2+ mobilization by travoprost acid, bimatoprost, unoprostone, and other analogs via endogenous mouse, rat, and cloned human FP prostaglandin receptors [20].
• Comparison of travoprost 0.0015% and 0.004% with timolol 0.5% in patients with elevated intraocular pressure: a 6-month, masked, multicenter trial [2].
• The structure-activity studies that led to the identification of travoprost, a highly selective and potent FP prostaglandin analog, and AL-6598, a DP prostaglandin analog, are detailed [21].
• Study limitations: this study had a small sample size and was open-label.CONCLUSION: Patients receiving combined travoprost ophthalmic solution 0.004% and brinzolamide ophthalmic suspension 1% therapy had lower IOP values compared to those on travoprost monotherapy (p < 0.0001) [10].
• CONCLUSION: This study suggests that topical medications that enhance outflow (e.g., bimatoprost, latanoprost, travoprost, and brimonidine) may provide, under stressful conditions such as the WDT, better IOP stabilization than medications that decrease aqueous humor inflow, such as timolol and topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors [22].

Gene context of D01964

• All FP (e.g. travoprost acid, fluprostenol), IP (iloprost) and TP (SQ29548) receptor-specific ligands exhibited low affinity (Ki > or = 1 microM) [23].
• In conclusion, travoprost acid has the highest affinity, the highest FP-receptor-selectivity, and the highest potency at the FP receptor as compared to the other ocular hypotensive PG analogs known so far, including free acids of latanoprost, bimatoprost, and unoprostone isopropyl ester [24].
• CONCLUSIONS: Flu-like symptoms (abdominal cramps, malaise and URI) were reported in 4% of patients participating in clinical trials of travoprost but seldom reported postmarketing [25].
• RESULTS: Mean IOP ranged from 16.2 to 17.4 mm Hg with the combination travoprost/timolol compared with 15.4 to 16.8 mm Hg in the concomitant travoprost + timolol group, from baselines of 23.1 to 25.6 mm Hg and 22.9 to 25.0 mm Hg, respectively [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of D01964

• Travoprost 0.004% was well tolerated in clinical trials [27].
• METHODS: MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for randomized clinical trials including one or more of the lipid class drugs bimatoprost, latanoprost and travoprost [28].
• CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that a single-dose topical of latanoprost and travoprost can prevent early postoperative IOP elevation after phacoemulsification surgery without any sideeffects [29].
• Determination of travoprost and travoprost free acid in human plasma by electrospray HPLC/MS/MS [30].
• CONCLUSION: Travoprost and bimatoprost were found to be systemically safe and caused an increase in blood-flow velocities of the retrobulbar vessels after a single-dose application [15].

References