Disease relevance of Ciliary Arteries

• Amytal reaches the ciliary ganglion via the posterior ciliary arteries, branches of the ophthalmic artery [1].
• The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical timolol 0.5%, betaxolol 0.5% and carteolol 2% on the blood flow velocity of the central retinal artery (CRA), the posterior ciliary artery (PCA) and the ophthalmic artery (OA) in patients with ocular hypertension [2].

High impact information on Ciliary Arteries

• Vasoactive responses of U46619, PGF2alpha, latanoprost, and travoprost in isolated porcine ciliary arteries [3].
• PURPOSE: To compare the vasoactive properties of the prostanoids U46619 (thromboxane A2 analogue), prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)), latanoprost free acid, and travoprost free acid in isolated porcine ciliary arteries [3].
• 0. As a reference, noradrenaline was tested, and its EC(50) was determined to be 247 nM in the ciliary artery [4].
• Potent alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction by brimonidine in porcine ciliary arteries [4].
• CONCLUSIONS: The alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonists brimonidine, apraclonidine, and oxymetazoline are potent vasoconstrictors in the porcine ciliary artery [4].

Biological context of Ciliary Arteries

• Thus, we have shown in the bovine ciliary artery that ascorbate inhibits EDHF-mediated vasodilatation under conditions of flow but not in a static myograph [5].
• Tachyphylaxis was pronounced in the posterior ciliary arteries, in which the response to angiotensin II could not be repeated [6].
• In contrast, in porcine ciliary artery bradykinin evokes endothelium-dependent relaxations, but no change in SMC membrane potential [7].
• Further investigations are warranted to determine whether timolol also acts on ciliary arteries and whether arterial vasoconstriction participates in lowering intraocular pressure [8].

Anatomical context of Ciliary Arteries

• Pourcelot's ratio was significantly increased in the central retinal artery (P < 0.01), temporal posterior ciliary artery (P < 0.02), and nasal posterior ciliary artery (P < 0.02) after retrobulbar injection of lidocaine with epinephrine [9].
• Thus, GAL/VIP/nNOS-positive nerve fibres around branches of the ciliary artery and within the nonvascular smooth muscle stroma of the choroid may originate mainly from intrinsic neurons and to some extent in a subpopulation of pterygopalatine ganglionic neurons exhibiting the same chemical coding [10].
• In isolated dog posterior ciliary arteries contracted with prostaglandin F2alpha, desmopressin (10(-10) to 10(-8) M), a vasopressin V2 receptor agonist, produced a concentration-related relaxation, which was reversed to a contraction by removal of the endothelium [11].
• Niacin, papaverine hydrochloride, phentolamine mesylate, and tolazoline hydrochloride were injected via the lateral long posterior ciliary artery (LLPCA) and the femoral artery [12].
• We investigated the innervation of the ciliary artery, important to blood flow in the optic nerve head, and the effects of pilocarpine thereon [13].

Associations of Ciliary Arteries with chemical compounds

• Relaxation by bradykinin in porcine ciliary artery. Role of nitric oxide and K(+)-channels [14].
• CONCLUSIONS: Only at concentrations far exceeding their expected plasma concentrations, betaxolol, befunolol, and timolol increased the diameter of the isolated porcine short posterior ciliary artery, as a result of their direct pharmacologic effect [15].
• The isometric responses of isolated human posterior ciliary artery to adrenergic agonists, histamine (HIS), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were studied in passively stretched ring segments mounted in a myograph bath [16].
• Serotonin-induced contractions also were more efficient in ciliary artery but less than to those to endothelin-1 [17].
• The ophthalmic and ciliary arteries were dissected free under a microscope and suspended in myograph systems (95% O2 and 5% CO2, 37 degrees C) for isometric tension recording [17].

Gene context of Ciliary Arteries

• CONCLUSIONS: In porcine ciliary arteries, Ox-LDL affects endothelium-dependent responses through the activation of ET(A)- endothelin receptors [18].
• The ciliary artery and its branch vessels in the uvea are invested with a dense plexus of galanin-positive nerves [19].
• Neither desensitisation to VIP (0.6 microM) nor treatment with the protease, alpha-chymotrypsin (10 U ml(-1)), had any effect on the first or second components of neurogenic relaxation.The results indicate that nitric oxide mediates the first component of neurogenic relaxation in the bovine intraocular ciliary artery [20].
• These techniques are being applied to examine changes to the anterior ciliary arteries and the deeper vessels following strabismus surgery in an animal model [21].
• AIM: To investigate the effect of myopia and myopic choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) on retrobulbar circulation in central retinal artery (CRA) and vein (CRV) and posterior ciliary artery (PCA) [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ciliary Arteries

• Isolated porcine ciliary arteries were studied in myographs and the intact porcine eye in a perfusion system at 80 cm H2O perfusion pressure with Krebs-ringer bicarbonate solution (37 degrees C, 95% O2, 5% CO2) [23].
• We examined the effects of lomerizine, a new diphenylmethylpiperazine Ca2+ channel blocker, on the normal circulation in the optic nerve head and long posterior ciliary artery, and on endothelin-1-induced hypoperfusion in the optic nerve head in anesthetized rabbits using a hydrogen gas clearance method and laser Doppler flowmetry [24].

References