Disease relevance of tolazamide

• Effects of tolazamide and exogenous insulin on insulin action in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [1].
• Therapy with either tolazamide or exogenous insulin resulted in a similar lowering (P less than 0.05) of postabsorptive glucose-production rates (from 2.3 +/- 0.1 to 2.0 +/- 0.2 and 1.8 +/- 0.1 mg per kilogram of body weight per minute, respectively) but not to normal (1.5 +/- 0.1 mg per kilogram per minute) [1].
• A case of chronic liver disease due to tolazamide [2].
• After treatment (2--4 wk) with tolazamide (500 mg daily), adherence to the nylon fiber columns employed in this study returned to control levels in the seven patients whose fasting glucose levels fell, (mean, 192 +/- 16 mg/100 ml) and deteriorated in the three in whom fasting hyperglycemia worsened [3].
• Therefore, adjuvant therapy with tolazamide and insulin may be beneficial in achieving adequate metabolic control in type I diabetes mellitus [4].

Psychiatry related information on tolazamide

• Wernicke's encephalopathy induced by tolazamide [5].

High impact information on tolazamide

• To determine whether sulfonylureas and exogenous insulin have different effects on insulin action, we studied eight patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus before and after three months of treatment with tolazamide and exogenous semisynthetic human insulin, using a randomized crossover design [1].
• These studies demonstrate that tolazamide in vitro alters postreceptor insulin action without influencing the receptor, and suggests insulin-stimulated hexose transport as the cellular process responsible for the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonyureas in adipose tissue [6].
• In the third case, the patient had cholestasis from chlorpropamide before administration of tolazamide and developed chronic liver disease [2].
• The insulin secretory potency of glyburide, glipizide, tolbutamide, tolazamide, and carboxytolbutamide was compared to the ability of these ligands to displace [3H]glyburide from the sulfonylurea receptor [7].
• In seven patients, the mean peak insulin increment 5 or 10 min after intravenous tolbutamide was 54 +/- 11 microU/ml when not receiving tolazamide (0.14 +/- 1.3 microU/ml) with tolazamide (P less than .001), even though serum insulin responded rapidly to intravenous glucagon [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of tolazamide

• Using a double-blind crossover design, we studied the effect of tolazamide, an orally administered sulfonylurea, in 11 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, poorly controlled on 40 units/day or more of insulin; all had previously failed to respond adequately to oral hypoglycemic agents and diet [9].
• To assess the effects of sulfonylurea therapy on plasma lipids and high-density lipoprotein composition, 11 obese diabetic Pima Indians with type II, or non-insulin-dependent, diabetes mellitus were studied before and after tolazamide therapy for one month [10].

Biological context of tolazamide

• Effects of tolazamide and exogenous insulin on pattern of postprandial carbohydrate metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Results of randomized crossover trial [11].
• At clinically achievable concentrations (10(-9) to 5 X 10(-6) M), tolbutamide and tolazamide are in vitro inhibitors of Ca2+-transporting ATPase activity in sarcolemma-enriched rabbit myocardial membranes (sulfonylurea IC50, 10(-7) M) [12].
• The pharmacokinetics of first-generation sulfonylureas, such as tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, acetohexamide and tolazamide, are described [13].
• More strikingly, tolazamide altered the dose-receptor to insulin-induced down-regulation [14].
• Effect of tolazamide on basal ketogenesis, glycogenesis, and gluconeogenesis in liver obtained from normal and diabetic rats [15].

Anatomical context of tolazamide

• In the presence of tolazamide, significant potentiation of insulin action was found in hepatocytes from normal and diabetic rats although hepatocytes from diabetic animals remained relatively resistant to insulin when compared with those from nondiabetic animals [16].
• Impaired granulocyte adherence in mildly diabetic patients: effects of tolazamide treatment [3].
• We previously demonstrated that mesangial cell (MC) gene and protein expression of extracellular matrix components were up-regulated by the sulfonylurea, tolazamide [17].

Associations of tolazamide with other chemical compounds

• Differential activities of tolbutamide, tolazamide, and glyburide in vitro on rabbit myocardial membrane Ca2+-transporting ATPase activity [12].
• Thyroid hormone stimulation of this calcium pump-associated enzyme in vitro has been previously reported; in our study, this hormonal action was shown to be inhibited by tolbutamide and tolazamide [12].
• A comparison of these hypoglycemic agents with classical standards (tolazamide, phenformin, and buformin) in several experimental models showed that the benzamidines seem to combine in one molecule some of the biological activities of the beta-cytotrophic sulfonylureas and some of the activities of the biguanides [18].
• The sulphonamide-derived oral antidiabetic drugs carbutamide, chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, glibornuride, gliclazide, glipizide, gliquidone, glisoxepide, glymidine, tolazamide and tolbutamide were investigated for photohemolytic properties in vitro [19].
• 2-Deoxyglucose tissue levels and insulin levels following tolazamide dosing in normal and obese mice [20].

Gene context of tolazamide

• To assess beta-cell responsiveness to a nonsulfonylurea secretagogue, 1 mg glucagon was administered intravenously during tolazamide therapy [8].
• In contrast, after 1 month of treatment with tolazamide, IR-GIP concentrations were not significantly altered [21].
• Transketolase abnormality in tolazamide-induced Wernicke's encephalopathy [22].
• In anesthetized rats hemorrhaged to a mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of 35 mmHg, inhibition of KATP channels with glibenclamide or tolazamide (10 mg/kg i.v. bolus injection followed by an infusion of 10 mg/kg/h for 60 min), rapidly increased MAP and improved survival rate [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of tolazamide

• Following oral administration of tritiated tolazamide to male humans, 85% of the radioactivity was excreted in urine during a 5-day period [24].
• In a retrospective study we investigated the effects of altering treatment of type II diabetes mellitus from insulin to tolazamide on weight and blood pressure [25].
• The treatment group (n = 13) received daily oral weight-adjusted tolazamide whereas the control group (n = 11) received placebo [26].
• Subsequent treatment with tolazamide resulted in recurrence of jaundice, which disappeared after cessation of treatment [27].

References