Disease relevance of chlorocopper

• Mature virus capsids lose their ability to enhance gene delivery and become noninfectious after exposure to inhibitors of the protease (1 microM N-ethylmaleimide, 100-300 microM copper chloride, 1 microM MDL28170, or anti-protease antiserum), suggesting that the viral protease activity is required during the cellular entry process [1].
• Copper loading was accomplished through daily ip injections of aqueous copper chloride at a dosage rate of 8 mg/kg body weight for 1, 2, and 4 weeks [2].
• This report describes the isolation of a novel gene cluster xmeRSA from Xanthomonas strain IG-8 that mediates copper chloride resistance [3].
• Performance of a 7-d growth and survival toxicity test protocol using larval topsmelt, Atherinops affinis (Ayres), was evaluated for copper chloride and sodium azide at representative estuarine salinities [4].
• The administration of copper chloride by bolus injection led to a rapid improvement in anemia and neutropenia [5].

High impact information on chlorocopper

• Incubation of cells with 200 microM zinc acetate before exposure to copper, raised the LD50 for confluent cells to 1,250 microM copper chloride, improved protein synthesis, and increased synthesis of a 10-kD protein, apparently metallothionein [6].
• Survival and cell growth were reduced in media containing greater than 500 microM copper chloride for 48 h; LD50 was 750 microM [6].
• The molar copper content is increased to 1.8 after incubation of Cox17p in the presence of a 6-fold molar excess of cuprous chloride under reduced conditions [7].
• A progressive reduction in the size of rat metallothionein-1 mRNA following induction by copper chloride or dexamethasone was demonstrated on RNA blots, and was shown to be due to shortening of the poly(A)-tail [8].
• Ferric chloride and copper chloride completely reversed the inhibitory effect of meconium [9].

Biological context of chlorocopper

• The molecular structure of different species of cuprous chloride from gas-phase electron diffraction and quantum chemical calculations [10].
• Combustion experiments in a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor were performed to elucidate the effects of combustion temperature on PCDD/Fs formation during incineration of model wastes with poly(vinyl chloride) or sodium chloride as a chlorine source and copper chloride as a catalyst [11].
• The taste threshold in tap water was 2.6 mg/l Cu for both copper sulfate and copper chloride [12].
• The effect of dietary supplementation with copper sulfate or tribasic copper chloride on broiler performance, relative copper bioavailability, and dietary prooxidant activity [13].
• METHODS: We evaluated the effect of copper chloride, EDTA and sodium chloride on the activity of the enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase in the plasma of normal individuals and of MPS I heterozygotes and observed the type of inhibition caused, the Ki, the apparent Km and the apparent Vmax for each inhibitor [14].

Anatomical context of chlorocopper

• The effect of thiomolybdates and copper on LH differentiation was investigated by supplementing (ammonium) tetrathiomolybdate to optimum theca cell culture media at 0-100 microg/ml, copper (chloride) at equimolar concentrations (0-51.6 microg/ml) or equimolar combinations of both media [15].
• The addition of copper chloride neither increased the synthesis of non-collagenous proteins by the fibroblasts nor influenced their proliferation rate [16].
• Repletion of lymphocyte cultures with copper chloride increased proliferative responses to PHA in both +Cu and -Cu calves, and greater responses at all levels of copper (1 to 16 micrograms/mL) were noted in -Cu calves [17].
• Soluble cuprous chloride complexes are formed in the uterus by slowly entering oxygen [18].
• Copper chloride stimulated the insulin release by the perfused pancreas of rats fed laboratory chow (copper content, 6.7 ppm) [19].

Associations of chlorocopper with other chemical compounds

• When present only during irradiation, high concentrations of SOD in the medium enhanced transformation, while catalase, inactivated SOD (autoclaved), CuDIPS, cupric chloride and cuprous chloride inhibited the initiation phase of radiation transformation [20].
• Separation of proteins from stressed rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaf tissues by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: induction of pathogenesis-related and cellular protectant proteins by jasmonic acid, UV irradiation and copper chloride [21].
• Oxidative conditions were initiated in vitro with cuprous chloride and 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride [22].
• The fiber length increased with copper sulfate concentration, but the concentration of copper chloride and copper nitrate did not affect the peptide nanostructures significantly [23].
• Effects of copper chloride on formation of polychlorinated dibenzofurans in model waste incineration in a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor [24].

Gene context of chlorocopper

• MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The oxidation resistance of VLDL + LDL measured by inducing oxidation with copper chloride and, separately, with a combination of haemin and H2O2 [25].
• Copper chloride on the activated carbon in a range of 3-20 wt% Cu content was present mostly in the amorphous form of CuCl(2), according to the results of the solubility, XRD and TGA tests [26].
• The di-tert-butyl ester was obtained by S-palmitoylation of GSH in TFA as solvent, N-(t)Boc-protection, esterification using (t)BuOH mediated by diisopropylcarbodiimide/copper(I) chloride, and saponification of the thioester [27].
• The copper(I) chloride, pyridine system has shown marked tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity with tryptophan and indole derivatives [28].
• Tri-basic copper chloride and copper lysinate inhibited PP hydrolysis much less than copper sulfate pentahydrate, copper chloride, and copper citrate (P < 0.05) [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of chlorocopper

• With the single exception of copper chloride, non-sensitizers were not positive in the LLNA [30].
• The biomass of Sargassum in the bioreactors completely biosorbed the ionic copper contained in 63 L of copper sulphate solution, 72 L of copper chloride solution and 72 L of copper nitrate solution, all the solutions containing copper at 500 mg/L [31].
• Macrocylic ligand (H(2)L(4)) is prepared from the mesocyle 6-ethoxy-4-thio-2,3,5-triazine(H(2)L(3)) in ethanol with copper chloride acting as template using high dilution technique [32].

References