Disease relevance of ACTB

• We used the vector AdlacZ, an E1 and E3 deleted replication defective adenoviral vector that contains the beta-galactosidase gene driven by the beta-actin promoter and the cytomegalovirus enhancer [1].
• An RT-qPCR amplifying a fragment of the beta-actin mRNA was also developed and validated as internal control for the bluetongue specific assays [2].
• Culture supernatants caused a 7-fold decrease in viability of bovine leukemia cells and increased cell permeability that was accompanied by release of beta-actin into the cell culture supernatant [3].

High impact information on ACTB

• Genes typically used as internal controls, GAPDH and beta-actin, increased expression levels approximately 4-fold after injury, making them unsuitable for use as normalization genes in this study [4].
• Motility was assessed by digital imaging microscopy before Western blot analysis, coimmunoprecipitation, or colocalization studies using ARF6, beta-actin, or beta-actin-binding protein-specific antibodies [5].
• Colocalization studies reveal that the Q67L and WT ARF6-HA are enriched at the leading edge with beta-actin; but T27N and N122I ARF6-HA are localized on endosomes together with the beta-actin capping protein, betacap73 [5].
• X-ray diffraction data were collected on an imaging plate scanner at the DORIS storage ring (DESY, Hamburg), and were phased by molecular replacement, using a search model derived from the 2.55 A structure of profilin complexed to beta-actin [6].
• The RT-PCR assay demonstrated that the spontaneous expression level of the alpha 1C-adrenergic receptor mRNA was much higher in bovine RPE than in neural retina; the alpha 1C-adrenergic receptor/beta-actin ratio from RPE was 0.33 +/- 0.15 (n = 4), whereas that from neural retina was virtually zero [7].

Biological context of ACTB

• Suppression of beta-actin gene expression may be related to changes in actin polymerization during ACTH-dependent cytoskeletal reorganization [8].
• GLUT8 mRNA concentrations normalized to beta-actin mRNA concentrations increased during late gestation [9].
• In the cow, beta-actin mRNA at 72 h of involution was equal to or greater than that during lactation [10].
• The frequency of structure-related genes such as beta-actin and ribosomal proteins in the cDNA library corresponded to other reports and suggested that the cDNA library constructed by RT-PCR might be proportional to the mRNA populations [11].
• Specific messenger RNA transcripts encoding beta-actin, GAPDH and transforming growth factor-beta were detected in all tissues up to 96 h postmortem using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Northern analysis indicated no detectable mRNA degradation up to 24 h postmortem [12].

Anatomical context of ACTB

• Swim-up selected bovine spermatozoa were mixed with the Pst1 beta-actin GFP construct (6 x 10(6) spermatozoids were incubated with 600 ng of muDNA), submitted or not to electroporation (300 V, 25 F) and treated or not with DNase I [13].
• 2. Preparations of profilactin from the three calf tissues spleen, thymus and brain contain a mixture of beta actin and gamma actin [14].
• High density primary cultures of bovine chondrocytes were exposed to hydrostatic pressure applied intermittently at 1 Hz or constantly for 4 hours in serum-free medium or in medium containing 1% fetal bovine serum. mRNAs for aggrecan, types I and II collagen, and beta-actin were analyzed by Northern blots and quantified by slot blots [15].
• Actins in the Mg-form were less stable than the Ca-forms, and the stability of the different isoforms decreased in the following order: rabbit skeletal muscle alpha-actin = bovine cytoplasmic gamma-actin > yeast actin > cytoplasmic beta-actin [16].
• U3 snRNA and beta-actin mRNA levels started to increase at the morula stage and blastocysts contained 118 and 110 times more U3 snRNA and beta-actin mRNA, respectively, than 6- to 8-cell embryos [17].

Associations of ACTB with chemical compounds

• Using a sensitive reverse transcriptase-PCR assay we have investigated the expression of gadd153 and beta-actin in blastocyst-stage bovine embryos treated with MMS or sodium arsenite [18].
• Total RNA was extracted with phenol-chloroform and subjected to a semi-quantitative RT-PCR for 11HSD1, 11HSD2 and beta-actin [19].
• In the concentration range from 10(-12) to 10(-4) M, dexamethasone had no effect on the expression of beta-actin [20].
• Furthermore, c-myc and alpha- and beta-actin gene expressions of pulmonary artery SMC were elevated after 2-h incubation with 5-HT, before stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation [21].

Other interactions of ACTB

• In most of the studies published GAPD, ACTB or 18S rRNA have been used as a single reference gene without prior verification of their expression stability [22].
• In the present study, we investigated the direct effects of cyclical stretching on the mRNA expression of S100A4 and two cytoskeletal components (beta-actin and alpha-tubulin) by PDL cells [23].
• Northern blot analyses revealed no changes in the expression of SPARC or beta-actin transcripts, whereas the expression of fibronectin transcript increased two- to threefold [24].
• The levels of expression of mRNAs encoding specific proteins (beta-actin, fibronectin, and laminin) during tissue formation on tissue culture dishes were quantitatively assessed using a Northern blot technique with autoradiography [25].
• Northern blots were probed using cDNAs specific for bovine oxytocin and bovine beta-actin gene sequences [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ACTB

• The three-dimensional structure of bovine profilin-beta-actin has been solved to 2.55 A resolution by X-ray crystallography [27].
• In contrast, when steady state levels of mRNA for type I collagen chains were examined by Northern blot analysis, the concentration of PTH that reduced collagen synthesis by 35-45% (10(-8) M), caused a net decrease of approximately 80-96% in the number of procollagen transcripts; a small reduction in beta-actin mRNA levels was also observed [28].
• CCD cells were isolated by immunodissection and mRNA levels of the H-ATPase 31 kD subunit and of beta-actin were determined from the same cDNA samples by quantitative RT-PCR [29].
• Up to 60% integration via HR was obtained following pronuclear microinjection of a Pst1 beta-actin GFP DNA construction [13].
• This increase in actin mRNA abundance is observable by its preferential localization (seen by in situ hybridization) in the lamellae bordering the wound edge in association with beta-actin, which is exclusively localized there [30].

References