Disease relevance of Capnocytophaga

• Heat-inactivation, diisopropylfluorophosphate, PMSF, and N-benzyloxycarbonylglycylleucylphenylalanyl-chloromethyl ketone inhibited bactericidal activity against Capnocytophaga sputigena but not Escherichia coli [1].
• Bactericidal activities of synthetic human leukocyte cathepsin G-derived antibiotic peptides and congeners against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Capnocytophaga sputigena [2].
• Metronidazole was active against more than 90% of the anaerobic bacteria and Capnocytophaga but was inactive against most other microaerophilic and facultative strains [3].
• Children had 3-fold greater proportions of Leptotrichia species, 2.5-fold greater proportions of Capnocytophaga species, 2.3-fold greater proportions of Selenomonas species, 2-fold greater proportions of bacterial species that require formate and fumarate, and 1.5-fold greater proportions of Bacteroides species [4].
• L-arginine-beta-naphthylamide was cleaved by B. gingivalis, Capnocytophaga species, and Streptococcus species, but not readily by the other Bacteroides strains [5].

High impact information on Capnocytophaga

• Though capnine accumulates as such in the cells of some Capnocytophaga spp., most organisms of the Cytophaga-like genera contain, instead, sulfonolipids that are less polar than capnine [6].
• The 34 beta-lactamase-positive strains were highly resistant to beta-lactams, but the intrinsic activities of clavulanate, tazobactam, and sulbactam against Capnocytophaga, even beta-lactamase producers, indicates that these beta-lactamase inhibitors could be used for empirical treatment of neutropenic patients with oral sources of infection [7].
• A plasmid-encoded extended-spectrum TEM beta-lactamase with a pI of 5.5 was detected in a Capnocytophaga ochracea clinical isolate [8].
• The bactericidal activities of purified defensins HNP-1 and HNP-2 were equal, and both of these activities were greater than HNP-3 activity against strains of Capnocytophaga sputigena and Capnocytophaga gingivalis [9].
• In contrast, IgA1 proteases from Capnocytophaga ochracea and Capnocytophaga sputigena strains were apparently identical, while Capnocytophaga gingivalis had a protease that differed from those of the other Capnocytophaga species [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Capnocytophaga

• Cell suspensions of Capnocytophaga ochracea incorporated [14C]NaHCO3 into a major four-carbon fermentation product, succinate, and cell-free extracts from this organism contained high levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) [11].
• Capnocytophaga also contained significant amounts of an ornithine-amino lipid [12].
• Carbon dioxide metabolism by Capnocytophaga ochracea: identification, characterization, and regulation of a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [11].
• Treatment of cathepsin G with diisopropyl fluorophosphate significantly reduced its bactericidal activity against Capnocytophaga spp. but not against Escherichia coli or A. actinomycetemcomitans [13].
• The phenotypic characteristics of these organisms were the same as those of the genus Capnocytophaga: gram-negative rods; CO2 requirement; gliding motility; catalase negative; oxidase negative; acids produced from D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannose, and D-sucrose; and acetate and succinate are the major end products of glucose fermentation [14].

Biological context of Capnocytophaga

• Serological cross-reaction between Legionella spp. and Capnocytophaga ochracea by using latex agglutination test [15].
• Addition of triclosan monophosphate to an established culture (ca. 10(9) cfu/mL) of Capnocytophaga gingivalis growing continuously showed that triclosan monophosphate was rapidly hydrolyzed into triclosan with concomitant loss of total bacterial viability [16].
• In chemostat culture, the microaerophilic, CO2 requiring, gingival-plaque-associated bacterium Capnocytophaga gingivalis responded to the addition of glucose (1-6 g I-1) by doubling its growth rate and increasing its biomass yield fivefold [17].

Anatomical context of Capnocytophaga

• Human neutrophil azurocidin synergizes with leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G in the killing of Capnocytophaga sputigena [18].
• We describe a case of endocarditis due to Capnocytophaga ochracea in a non-immunocompromised patient with a decrease of blood CD4/CD8 ratio and lymphocyte proliferative response to ConA during infection [19].
• B-cell mitogenicity and IL-1 beta production of lipopolysaccharides from various Capnocytophaga strains [20].
• All LPSs from Capnocytophaga strains activated the interleukin-1 beta production from human peripheral monocytes, although the inducing activities of Capnocytophaga LPSs were lower than those of reference LPSs [20].

Gene context of Capnocytophaga

• Both were sensitive to killing by purified cathepsin G, but only the Capnocytophaga spp. were killed by elastase [13].
• Cellulitis caused by Capnocytophaga cynodegmi associated with etanercept treatment in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis [21].
• Capnocytophaga ochracea GDH was purified approximately 39-fold by a rapid, single-step purification procedure using DEAE-cellulose (DE52) ion-exchange column chromatography which gave 90 per cent recovery of total enzyme units [22].
• The new species differ from Capnocytophaga species by their positive oxidase and catalase reactions [23].
• With oropharyngeal cultures of healthy volunteers, Capnocytophaga species were frequently isolated on MTM from two of three manufacturers but were completely inhibited on GC-Lect [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Capnocytophaga

• Differentiation of human Capnocytophaga species by multilocus enzyme electrophoretic analysis and serotyping of immunoglobulin A1 proteases [25].
• To investigate whether these enzymes are subject to inhibition in vivo in humans, we tested 34 sera from periodontally diseased and healthy individuals in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence and titers of inhibition of seven Prevotella and Capnocytophaga proteases [26].
• The number of teeth, % of alveolar bone loss, serum IgG, and serum antibodies to Bacteroides gingivalis, Capnocytophaga ochracea and Eubacterium saburreum were recorded in 37 patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in an age- and sex-matched control group of 37 individuals free from RA [27].
• Polar lipids of nineteen previously characterised culture collection strains of Capnocytophaga were analysed using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB MS) in negative mode [28].

References