Disease relevance of Actinobacillus

• Pseudomonas sp. IFO-13309 and Actinobacillus sp. IFO-13310, bacteria which exhibit a symbiotic growth in a medium containing keratin sulfate as a sole carbon source, were isolated from soil [1].
• We have previously shown that Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans produces an immunosuppressive factor that is encoded by the cdtB gene, which is homologous to a family of cytolethal distending toxins (Cdt) expressed by several gram-negative bacteria [2].
• When the transfectants were exposed to freeze-dried periodontopathic bacteria, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Capnocytophaga ochracea, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, and a non-oral bacterium, Escherichia coli, all species of the bacteria induced NF-kappaB-dependent CD25 expression in 7.7/huTLR2 cells [3].
• The serotype b-specific carbohydrate antigen (SbAg) of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 is reported to be the O antigen of lipopolysaccharide, and the highest titers of serum antibody reactive with A. actinomycetemcomitans in early-onset periodontitis (EOP) patients bind SbAg [4].
• The susceptibilities of 87 periodontitis-associated strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans to clarithromycin and erythromycin were determined by standard methodology recommended for Haemophilus influenzae [5].

High impact information on Actinobacillus

• Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative bacterium implicated in the pathology of localized juvenile periodontitis, a condition involving rapid destruction of alveolar bone [6].
• We reported previously that the core oligosaccharide region of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is essential for optimal adhesion of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, an important swine pathogen, to respiratory tract cells [7].
• Thymidine diphosphate-6-deoxy-L-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase synthesizing dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans [8].
• The serotype-specific polysaccharide antigen of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 (serotype b) consists of D-fucose and L-rhamnose [9].
• We have previously shown that Actinobacillus actinomycetecomitans produces an immunosuppressive factor (ISF) capable of impairing human lymphocyte function by perturbing cell cycle progression [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Actinobacillus

• 6-Deoxy-D-talan and 6-deoxy-L-talan. Novel serotype-specific polysaccharide antigens from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans [11].
• Distribution of tetracycline resistance genes in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from Spain [12].
• Synergistic effects between amoxicillin, metronidazole, and the hydroxymetabolite of metronidazole against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans [13].
• A comparative in vivo pharmacokinetic study of florfenicol was conducted in 18 crossbred pigs infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae following intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.), or oral (p.o.) administration of a single dose of 20 mg/kg [14].
• The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains Y4 and N27 was isolated by the phenol-water procedure [15].

Biological context of Actinobacillus

• Truncation of the lipopolysaccharide outer core affects susceptibility to antimicrobial peptides and virulence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 [7].
• An Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strain contained a plasmid (pHD8.1) conferring resistance to streptomycin and sulfonamide [16].
• Here we report the cloning and characterization of sodC, encoding Cu,Zn SOD in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, a major pathogen of pigs and the causative organism of porcine pleuropneumonia. sodC was shown to lie on a monocistronic operon, at the chromosomal locus between the genes asd (encoding aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase) and recF [17].
• Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in healthy pigs and in pigs experimentally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae [14].
• Clonal, noniridescent mutants of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 5 were isolated following chemical mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate [18].

Anatomical context of Actinobacillus

• Long-term effect of heat shock protein 60 from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans on epithelial cell viability and mitogen-activated protein kinases [19].
• Effect of ciprofloxacin on killing of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans by polymorphonuclear leukocytes [20].
• The gentle agitation of suspensions of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype a, b, or c in saline resulted in the release of a proteinaceous surface-associated material (SAM) which produced a dose-dependent inhibition of tritiated thymidine incorporation by the osteoblast-like cell line MG63 in culture [21].
• We have reported that P388D1 cell line murine macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans release interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitor [22].
• A cytoplasmic soluble fraction of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 was isolated and characterized as suppressing mitogen-stimulated proliferation of and cytokine production by C3H/HeN mouse splenic T cells [23].

Gene context of Actinobacillus

• The two lactoferrin variants exhibited nearly identical iron-binding and iron-releasing activities and equivalent bactericidal activities against a strain of the gram-negative bacterium Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans [24].
• Mouse interleukin-1 receptor antagonist induced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide blocks the effects of interleukin-1 on bone resorption and osteoclast-like cell formation [22].
• p53-independent expression of p21(CIP1/WAF1) in plasmacytic cells during G(2) cell cycle arrest induced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin [25].
• Expression of IL-1 beta and IL-8 by human gingival epithelial cells in response to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans [26].
• Our investigation has tested the hypothesis that HGF from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)-infected patients with rapidly destructive forms of periodontitis, such as localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP), respond to Aa challenge with an exaggerated secretion of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-8 [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Actinobacillus

• Serotype-specific polysaccharide antigens from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 29523 (serotype a) and NCTC 9710 (serotype c) were extracted from whole cells by autoclaving and purified by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration [11].
• The gene encoding an outer membrane protein A (OmpA)-like, heat-modifiable Omp of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 43718 (strain Y4, serotype b) was cloned by a PCR cloning procedure [28].
• The relative avidity of serum immunoglobulin G antibody for the fimbria antigen of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was assessed by diethylamine dissociation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with adult periodontitis [29].
• Molecular cloning and expression of ptxA, the gene encoding the 120-kilodalton cytotoxin of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 [30].
• The outer membrane protein profile of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae grown under iron-restricted and iron-replete conditions was studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting [31].

References