Disease relevance of Somatotypes

• Arterial plasma noradrenaline predicts left ventricular mass independently of blood pressure and body build in men who develop hypertension over 20 years [1].
• Upper body type obesity may already be recognised in early puberty in caucasian girls and is associated with a characteristic androgen/oestrogen profile [2].
• We prospectively determined the risk of initial stinger experience in a group of college football players while considering the presence of cervical canal stenosis and each player's position, playing time, and body type [3].
• Body fat distribution was classified into upper- (N = 24) and lower-half body type (N = 16), and androgen levels and the incidence of hirsutism were compared in the two types [4].
• Therefore, compared to NSO, LSO women have distinctive clinical and endocrine characteristics, namely more pronounced hyperinsulinemia, higher E1 concentrations and a central type body fat distribution [5].

Psychiatry related information on Somatotypes

• Physical activity was the major lifestyle determinant of BMD after allowing for body build [6].
• Latent class typology of nicotine withdrawal: genetic contributions and association with failed smoking cessation and psychiatric disorders [7].
• Differences in whole blood serotonin levels based on a typology of parasuicide [8].
• An MMPI typology of cocaine abusers [9].
• Health locus of control (HLC) dimensions that emerged from simultaneous factor analysis of both instruments were most consistent with a three-dimensional typology (i.e., Personal Control, Professional Control, and Chance) rather than the four-dimensional typology proposed by Lau (Lau, 1982; Lau & Ware, 1981) [10].

High impact information on Somatotypes

• We make use of the newly defined metropolitan and micropolitan Core-Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) and a seven-level size typology to tabulate origin-destination-specific migration flow data from both Census 2000 and IRS tax-return administrative records for the period 1995-2000 [11].
• These Pick body-type filaments were also observed in the perikarya of ballooned neurons and neuronal processes around Pick body-bearing cells [12].
• Foreign body-type multinucleated giant cell formation is potently induced by alpha-tocopherol and prevented by the diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor R59022 [13].
• Interleukin-4 induced the formation of foreign body-type giant multinucleated cells from human monocyte-derived macrophages, an effect that was optimized with either granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interleukin-3, dependent on the concentration of interleukin-4, and specifically prevented by anti-interleukin-4 [14].
• CONCLUSIONS: Familial early-onset alcoholism has a poor outcome in Japan, and this multivariate typology has high predictive validity [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Somatotypes

• The levels of SHBG or testosterone, crude or adjusted for body build and E2 concentration, were not related to risk of breast cancer [16].
• These results indicated that glycolipids containing shorter carbon chain mycolic acids ranging C40-50, corresponding to less acyl numbers or monosaccharides such as glucose, can also produce foreign body-type granuloma in mice without protein antigens [17].
• Android (centralized) obesity and somatotypes in men: association with mesomorphy [18].

Biological context of Somatotypes

• However, body build can not explain the sex differences in 2-propanol levels in expired air and acetone in saliva [19].
• Vitamin D status, VDR genotype, body-build, blood pressure, lipid and insulin profiles, glucose tolerance, fibrinogen, PAI-1, folate and homocysteine were measured [20].
• We conclude that the use of BMPb-HA in the treatment of critical size bone defects of the rat skull leads to the formation of a foreign body-type granulomatous reaction that markedly inhibits new bone formation, suggesting that synthetic microgranular hydroxyapatite does not represent a good carrier for BMP-induced bone formation [21].

Anatomical context of Somatotypes

• The location of body fat has been used to delineate three body types: gynoid (pear shape), intermediate, and android (apple shape) [22].
• Comparative analysis revealed several differences between dolphin and human visual cortex in the laminar distribution of CR-positive perikarya, although general typology of the immunoreactive CR-positive neurons was similar in both species [23].
• Distinct neoplastic follicles were observed in various lymph nodes and contained many cells with Russell body-type inclusions that were positive for IgM and corresponded to dilated cisternae of the RER [24].
• Instead, foreign body-type cells were shown at the interface of mandibular bone and hydroxylapatite deposit, as well as abundant connective tissue reaction inside HA deposits [25].
• The limiting membranes of late, residual body-type vacuoles either showed patchy filipin-induced deformation or were completely smooth [26].

Associations of Somatotypes with chemical compounds

• Analysis of the relationship between body build and hormone levels indicated that estradiol levels were highest in gynandromorphic men and lowest in mesomorphic men [27].
• Discussion of significance of these equations in the light of extensive literature suggests that about half of the error variance in predicting CR may be explained by the lack of suitable data on somatotype and much of the residual variance, including the day-to-day variation in CR, relate to factors altering basal O2 consumption [28].
• The second major finding is that the two groups of rats, which are markedly different as regards sexual typology, exhibit different behavioral responses to 7-OH-DPAT [29].
• Previous hypotheses relating testosterone to strong body build and antisocial behavior, respectively, received only weak or no support [30].
• Effect of body build on the clearance of atracurium: implication for drug dosing [31].

Gene context of Somatotypes

• We analyzed the distribution and typology of classes of neurons containing neurofilament protein or the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin, calbindin, and calretinin in six neocortical regions of the dog [32].
• In all dogs, the general distribution and cell typology of parvalbumin-, calretinin-, and calbindin-positive neurons were found to be similar to those in the human [33].
• Evaluation of ADHD typology in three contrasting samples: a latent class approach [34].
• Marginal or fat necrosis was more common among patients with lower body type fat distribution (WHCR less than 0.80) than in patients with medium or upper body type fat distribution [35].
• Body build and atopy [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Somatotypes

• Efficacy of fluvoxamine in preventing relapse in alcohol dependence: a one-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study with analysis by typology [37].
• METHODS: Fifty-two adolescent girls with progressive adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were compared with an age-matched control group of 62 unaffected girls using a classification technique based on morphologic somatotypes [38].
• Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on the association of body build with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and hypertension were conducted in Taiwan during the period 1986-1990 [39].
• The TM levels were unrelated to body build measurements (body mass index, waist/hip ratio) and blood pressure, and also to lipid levels (triglycerides, total cholesterol) and insulin before and during an oral glucose tolerance test [40].

References