Disease relevance of Streptococcaceae

• A. sanguinicola are catalase-negative, vancomycin-susceptible, gram-positive cocci arranged in clusters and tetrads, as are all Aerococcus species except A. christensenii (which is arranged in short chains) [1].
• Strains of Aerococcus viridans, Aerococcus urinae, Helcococci kunzi, Dolosigranulum pigrum, Gemella haemolysans, and Gemella morbillorum grew well under all three atmospheres and on the three types of media and in thioglycolate broth [2].
• The induced and noninduced beta-D-glucuronidase activities of Bacillus spp. and Aerococcus viridans were approximately the same as the activities of induced E. coli [3].
• These Abiotrophia and Granulicatella serotypes were undetectable among 33 strains of the other 11 species including the bacteriolytic enzyme-producing but vitamin B6-independent strains of Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Dolosigranulum and Aerococcus [4].
• Enterobacter, Providencia, Serratia, and Staphylococcus spp. were the most frequently isolated genera, with Citrobacter, Streptococcus, Aerococcus, and Listeria found less frequently [5].

High impact information on Streptococcaceae

• In the lactate oxidase from Aerococcus viridans, these residues have been changed to lysine in two single mutations and in a double mutant form [6].
• The native flavin, FMN, has been removed from the l-lactate oxidase of Aerococcus viridans, and the apoprotein reconstituted with 12 FMN derivatives with various substituents at the flavin 6- and 8-positions [7].
• H-ficolin binds to PSA, a polysaccharide produced by Aerococcus viridans [8].
• A mutant form of L-lactate oxidase (LOX) from Aerococcus viridans in which alanine 95 was replaced by glycine was constructed as a mimic of L-lactate monooxygenase but proved instead to be a mimic of the long chain alpha-hydroxyacid oxidase from rat kidney [9].
• Solid-state 13C and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance studies of alanine metabolism in Aerococcus viridans (Gaffkya homari) [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Streptococcaceae

• The nascent peptidoglycan synthesizing system from Gaffkya homari utilized the dansylated nucleotide with a Vmax/Km of 0.05 and a Vmax of 0.10 times the values for UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide [11].
• In vivo target of benzylpenicillin in Gaffkya homari [12].
• In order to monitor the intermediates involved in nascent peptidoglycan (PG) assembly in Gaffkya homari, a pulse/chase assay utilizing UDP-MurNAc-Ala-DGlu-Lys(N epsilon-Dns)-DAla-DAla [Dns (dansyl) = 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl] was devised [13].
• This was confirmed by in vitro studies involving a wall-membrane particulate fraction from Gaffkya homari in which peptidoglycan synthesis from UDP-MurNAc-tetrapeptide was inhibited by ramoplanin but not by vancomycin [14].
• Resistance to at least one of the following antibiotics was found in eight wild-type strains of Aerococcus viridans: erythromycin (six strains), tetracycline and minocycline (five strains), chloramphenicol (one strain), and high levels of streptomycin (one strain) [15].

Biological context of Streptococcaceae

• The capsular polysaccharide from Aerococcus viridans var. homari has been investigated, using n.m.r. spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and specific degradations as the main methods [16].
• This report describes the effects of heat, sodium lactate, and sodium diacetate on the viabilities of Weissella viridescens ATCC 12706, Aerococcus viridans MPL-1 and MPL-B, and Carnobacterium viridans ATCC BAA 336 [17].
• The effect of different concentrations of carbon source (lactose) and inducer (glycerol) on biomass and glycerophosphate oxidase (GPO) production by mutant strain of Aerococcus viridans 1509 was tested [18].

Anatomical context of Streptococcaceae

• Biosynthesis of peptidoglycan in Gaffkya homari: processing of nascent glycan by reactivated membranes [19].
• Lyophilized whole cells and isolated cell walls from Aerococcus viridans (Gaffkya homari) grown on a synthetic medium containing benzylpenicillin, and either L-[epsilon-15N]lysine or 15N-ammonium ion as the only source of label, have been studied using cross-polarization magic-angle spinning 15N nuclear magnetic resonance [20].

Gene context of Streptococcaceae

• Serum concentration of Hakata antigen, a member of the ficolins, is linked with inhibition of Aerococcus viridans growth [21].
• Superior vena cava syndrome caused by Aerococcus viridans para-aortic abscess after heart transplantation [22].
• A total of 66 strains of gram-positive cocci, including 21 catalase-negative members of the family Streptococcaceae and strains of Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, were investigated for the ability to produce porphobilinogen and porphyrin from delta-aminolevulinic acid as an alternative to the benzidine test for detecting the presence of cytochromes [23].
• Crystals of flavoenzyme L-lactate oxidase from Aerococcus viridans (LOX) have been obtained that diffract to 3.0 A resolution (P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 118.4 A, b = 138.4 A, c = 194.6 A) [24].
• The type strain of Aerococcus sanguicola is CCUG 43001T (= CIP 106533T) [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Streptococcaceae

• Lactate oxidase was purified from Aerococcus viridans (A. viridans) by dye affinity chromatography and FPLC ion exchange chromatography [26].

References