Disease relevance of Polyethyleneimine

• To gain insight into the potential clinical relevance of this polymorphism in terms of breast cancer hormone dependence, we compared the 265 cytosols for their [3H]tamoxifen aziridine- and [3H]estradiol-binding capacities using the above-mentioned method and the conventional dextran-coated charcoal assay [1].
• Additionally, polyethyleneimine induced significant local toxicity after i.m. injection, whereas C32 demonstrated no toxicity [2].
• Significantly, highly efficient rescue can be achieved by polyethyleneimine-induced endosome rupture or by coinfection with adenovirus as long as uptake of the two viruses is simultaneous and the adenovirus is capable of deploying pVI, a capsid protein with endosomolytic activity [3].
• Unexpected parallels between several of nature's most efficient DNA viruses and nonviral polyethylenimine/DNA nanocomplexes were revealed to include motor protein-driven transport through the cytoplasm toward the nucleus on microtubules [4].
• PEI does not induce proteinuria in rats, nor does it produce glomerular morphologic alterations when ten times the tracer dosage is administered intravenously [5].

Psychiatry related information on Polyethyleneimine

• However, many genes involved in other cellular responses such as apoptosis, stress responses and oncogenesis were activated in PEI+, supporting the theory of immunostimulation by danger genes, but also pointing toward possible adverse reactions such as Alzheimer's disease [6].
• GI pharmacology of polyethyleneimine II: motor activity in anesthetized dogs [7].
• The effect of reaction time on aziridine yield reveals an S-shaped profile that is accentuated by the position of the substituent and this effect is observed for both the homogeneously catalysed pathway and the heterogeneously catalysed reaction [8].

High impact information on Polyethyleneimine

• In rats receiving PEI, deposits were localized within the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) of all peripheral capillary walls and in the mesangium [9].
• Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-anti-BSA immune complexes made in 40 times antigen excess were administered following intravenous injection of PEI [9].
• Glomerular localization of immune deposits was assessed by quantitative immunofluorescence and electron microscopy and compared to controls receiving diluent without PEI followed by the same dose in immune complexes [9].
• The pharmacokinetics of E09 and its metabolite E05A with an open aziridine ring was determined using a new high-pressure liquid chromatographic method and noncompartmental calculation of kinetic parameters [10].
• We failed to identify a specific [3H]tamoxifen aziridine electrophoretic pattern with respect to the tumor estrogen receptor content as measured by the dextran-coated charcoal assay [1].

Chemical compound and disease context of Polyethyleneimine

• The level of reporter gene expression obtained is dependent on the peptide-to-DNA ratio and is enhanced in the presence of the endosomal buffer chloroquine, polyethyleneimine, and deactivated adenovirus during gene delivery [11].
• Highly efficient gene delivery by this prostate cancer (PCA)-targeted J591/polyethylene glycol (PEG)/PEI/DNA-betagal vector was demonstrated in PSMA-positive cells relative to controls, resulting in significant growth inhibition in vitro when the J591/PEG/PEI/DNA-p53 was used [12].
• Efficient gene delivery into human dendritic cells by adenovirus polyethylenimine and mannose polyethylenimine transfection [13].
• In an effort to follow adenovirus, thiol-derivatized polyethylenimine (PEI) was conjugated to the integrin-binding peptide CYGGRGDTP via a disulfide bridge [14].
• At the cellular level, depsipeptide significantly increased the expression of the i.v., PEI co-delivered wild-type human p53 gene in metastatic breast cancer cells, but not in adjacent normal cells [15].

Biological context of Polyethyleneimine

• In combination with the transfection agent polyethyleneimine, we have improved both the nuclear translocation of fluorescence-marked oligonucleotides, and the efficacy of plasmid transfection, up to eightfold [16].
• Conversely, the highest transfection levels after i.m. administration were achieved with naked DNA, followed by polyethyleneimine; transfection was rarely observed with C32 [2].
• Polyarginine and polyethylenimine also supported CAP2 phosphorylation, but arginine and lysine were ineffective [17].
• Both adenovirus- and PEI-mediated in vivo gene transfer in primary pancreatic tumors induced an increase of beta-galactosidase activity and expression of sst2 transgene nRNA (100% and 86% of tumors for adenovirus and PEI vector, respectively) [18].
• The second reactivity, based on the two aziridine groups, could produce alkylation reactions that could produce DNA cross-links [19].

Anatomical context of Polyethyleneimine

• The chimeric oligonucleotide was either complexed with polyethylenimine or encapsulated in anionic liposomes, administered i.v., and targeted to the hepatocyte via the asialoglycoprotein receptor [20].
• Branched polyethylenimine (PEI) chains with an average molecular mass of 2 kDa (PEI2) have been covalently attached to gold nanoparticles (GNPs), and the potency of the resulting PEI2-GNPs conjugates as vectors for the delivery of plasmid DNA into monkey kidney (COS-7) cells in the presence of serum in vitro has been systematically investigated [21].
• The receptor was selectively precipitated with Polymin P from high-speed supernatants derived from 800 g of intestinal mucosa and then sequentially chromatographed on DNA-cellulose [22].
• In a first series of experiments, plasma membranes were prepared with a technique based on the electrostatic attachment of isolated hepatocytes to polyethyleneimine-coated beads [23].
• Styrene microspheres treated with polyethyleneimine were used to label the surface of neurites in order to determine the site and pattern of surface addition during the experimental "towed growth" regime [24].

Associations of Polyethyleneimine with other chemical compounds

• It will be clinically important to see whether the tumors positive for [3H]tamoxifen aziridine only correspond to the small subset of tumors (10%) which respond to tamoxifen treatment despite very low estrogen receptor levels, as measured by the dextran-coated charcoal technique [1].
• Using tryptic digestion followed by mass spectrometry and amino acid sequencing, the aziridine-containing ligand is shown to alkylate specifically cysteine 67 of HLA-B27 [25].
• The techniques employed for the purification include selective precipitation of the receptor by Polymin P (polyethyleneimine) and (NH4)2SO4 and batch adsorption to and selective elution from hydroxylapatite, followed by gel exclusion and DEAE-cellulose chromatography [26].
• The nuclear estrogen receptors from the parental MCF-7 and the two variant cells, when covalently labeled with [3H]-tamoxifen aziridine in intact cells and then salt extracted have identical molecular weights of approximately 62,000, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [27].
• Inhibition of DNA replicon initiation by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide, adriamycin, and ethyleneimine [28].

Gene context of Polyethyleneimine

• Aerosol delivery of glucosylated polyethylenimine/phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 complex suppresses Akt downstream pathways in the lung of K-ras null mice [29].
• When the cells were prelabelled with [3H]tamoxifen aziridine ([3H]TAZ) before their exposure to E2, ER cleavage could not be detected due to the lack of activation potency of the antiestrogenic ligand [30].
• Furthermore, in the PEI group, chaperone genes and members of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway were also upregulated, suggesting a possible explanation for the better performance of PEI in gene delivery systems [31].
• In gene delivery studies, GE11-conjugated polyethylenimine (PEI) vectors were less mitogenic, but still quite efficient at transfecting genes into EGFR highly expressing cells and tumor xenografts [32].
• Enhanced cell growth inhibition following PTEN nonviral gene transfer using polyethylenimine and photochemical internalization in endometrial cancer cells [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Polyethyleneimine

• We examined the estrogen receptor measurement in 265 human breast cancer cytosols by using a specific method based on [3H]tamoxifen aziridine labeling, sequential immunoadsorption with an antiestrogen receptor monoclonal antibody (H-222), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and autoradiography [1].
• Nuclear ERs covalently labeled with [3H]tamoxifen aziridine showed an apparent molecular weight of 65,000 by SDS/PAGE and Western blotting with the D75 monoclonal antibody to human ER [34].
• The 3',5'-bisphosphates were 3'-dephosphorylated prior to two-dimensional thin layer chromatography on polyethyleneimine-cellulose layers [35].
• Using PEI vector, both pancreatic primary tumor growth and metastatic tumor growth were also significantly slackened as compared with both LacZ-treated and untreated control groups (P < 0.02) [18].
• Chromatography on polyethyleneimine cellulose thin layer chromatography and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography revealed that the same pattern of adducts was formed by both compounds [36].

References