Disease relevance of Urethritis

• Cefoxitin as a single-dose treatment for urethritis caused by penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae [1].
• 85 consecutive male patients with urethritis attending the Medical Research Council outpatient department in Fajara, The Gambia, were investigated for Chlamydia trachomatis infection by intraurethral swab and culture on cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells [2].
• CONCLUSIONS: Minocycline, 100 mg nightly, was as effective as doxycycline, 100 mg twice daily, each given for 7 days in the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis and mucopurulent cervicitis [3].
• Tetracycline-resistant Ureaplasma urealyticum: a cause of persistent nongonococcal urethritis [4].
• CONCLUSION: A 3-week regimen of erythromycin was more effective than placebo in improving symptoms and in reducing pyuria in men with persistent or recurrent nongonococcal urethritis, especially among men with prostatic inflammation [5].

Psychiatry related information on Urethritis

• Azithromycin 1 g appears to be an effective and safe alternative to doxycycline for the treatment of chlamydial and non-chlamydial urethritis, and its single-dose administration is an advantage in terms of patient compliance [6].

High impact information on Urethritis

• We conclude that a two-dose, single-day regimen of orally administered norfloxacin is effective therapy for uncomplicated urethritis caused by penicillin-resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae [7].
• One hundred and seven men with culture-proved gonococcal urethritis were given a single dose of either procaine penicillin G, 4.8 million U, or cefoxitin, 2 g, intramuscularly [1].
• Postgonococcal urethritis in men was less common after tetracycline than after spectinomycin (P less than 0.005) [8].
• CONCLUSIONS--For empirical treatment of the acute nongonococcal urethritis syndrome in men, a single oral dose of azithromycin was as effective as a standard 7-day course of doxycycline in achieving clinical cure [9].
• OBJECTIVE--To evaluate the use of single-dose azithromycin for empirical treatment of nongonococcal urethritis [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Urethritis

• We compared 7-day regimens of ciprofloxacin in dosages of 750 and 1000 mg twice daily with doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis in 178 men enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial [10].
• We conclude that ciprofloxacin in dosages as high as 2 g daily is inadequate for treatment of chlamydial urethritis in men, often resulting in relapsing infections [10].
• Azithromycin in chlamydial urethritis [11].
• Eighty-nine men with gonococcal urethritis were randomly treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, four tablets (trimethoprin, 320 mg, and sulfamethoxazole, 1,600 mg) twice daily for two days, or ampicillin, 3.5 g, plus probenecid, 1 g, in a single dose [12].
• Comparison of erythromycin base and estolate in gonococcal urethritis [13].

Biological context of Urethritis

• Azithromycin has activity in vitro against Chlamydia trachomatis, and its novel pharmacokinetics suggest that even single doses may be effective in the treatment of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) [6].
• Evaluation of plasmids in tetracycline resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Ureaplasma urealyticum in a case of severe urethritis [14].
• We investigated the presence of human papillomavirus-related DNA sequences (HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18) in 33 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies from the urinary tract of female patients with recurrent and persistent urethritis and cystitis, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [15].

Anatomical context of Urethritis

• The urinary leukocyte esterase test is a noninvasive and cost-effective screening method to detect urethritis among asymptomatic adolescent males [16].
• After intramuscular administration of penicillin G, clinical signs and symptoms of urethritis disappeared, and despite repeated attempts, N. meningitidis could no longer be isolated from the urethra [17].
• A similar T cell proliferative response pattern in urethritis naive patients with either gonococcal or non-gonococcal urethritis could be because low sensitivity of CT culture failed to diagnose some cases of C trachomatis [18].
• Interleukin-8 levels in seminal plasma in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and nonspecific urethritis [19].
• An open multicenter study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sultamicillin in patients with urinary tract infections or gonococcal urethritis [20].

Gene context of Urethritis

• The transferrin receptor mutant was incapable of initiating urethritis, although the same inoculum size of the wild-type parent strain, FA1090, causes urethritis in >90% of inoculated volunteers [21].
• HBD1 was not detectable in secretions, and HBD2 was only induced in a small proportion of the urethritis patients; however, HD5 and HNP1-3 were increased in C. trachomatis infection and significantly elevated in N. gonorrhoeae infection [22].
• Analysis of the gyrA and parC genes of Mycoplasma genitalium detected in first-pass urine of men with non-gonococcal urethritis before and after fluoroquinolone treatment [23].
• Using the esterase test to screen asymptomatic males for urethritis, we identified 38 culture-verified infections that otherwise would have remained undetected [16].
• The sensitivity of FCU examination in identifying culture-positive urethritis was 95%, the specificity 93%, and the predictive value of a positive FCU 91% [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Urethritis

• Azithromycin for empirical treatment of the nongonococcal urethritis syndrome in men. A randomized double-blind study [9].
• Chlamydial hsp60 antibody was associated with the development of chronic urethritis between 10 and 92 days after treatment began (P < .04), that is, at 10-29 days (P < .02) and at 30-92 days (P < .008) [25].
• GOAL OF THIS STUDY: We compared a new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to Chlamydiazyme (Abbott, North Chicago, IL) in the detection of male chlamydial urethritis, and evaluated the performance of PCR on urine samples [26].
• In a single-blind study, 50 men who had acute gonococcal urethritis were treated with a single oral dose of either 720 mg trimethoprim (TMP) plus 3,600 mg sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) or 3.5 g ampicillin plus 1 g probenecid [27].
• STUDY DESIGN: Men with a diagnosis of urethritis at the Istanbul Faculty of Medicine were screened for C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae by Abbott's ligase chain reaction (LCR) using either urethral swabs or first-void urine [28].

References